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Russel Wallace : Alfred Russell Wallace (sic) Over the years I have collected a fair number of specific facts and details regarding Wallace's life and activities, and this seems like a good way to make them public--perhaps for future biographers! These items are reported below, chronologically as possible. Regrettably, a few of these items are not accompanied by a source for the information given and should be considered hearsay (though hearsay likely to be correct!) for the moment--note use of the word "apparently" in these entries.
--According to bibliographic records in the British online database COPAC, the National Library of Wales holds three maps Wallace took part in making circa 1845-1847: of Neath, Briton-Ferry Demesne, and Llantwit Lower. --The Literary Gazette and Journal of the Belles Lettres, Science, and Art (London) issue of 16 July 1853 reports that at the 21 June 1853 meeting of the Linnean Society of London "Mr. A. R. Wallace exhibited drawings of Leopoldina pulchra, Raphia taedigera, Bactris sp. &c., as specimens of a work upon the palm-trees of the Amazon, on which he is now engaged." --The Literary Gazette and Journal of the Belles Lettres, Science, and Art (London) issue of 11 March 1854 reports that Wallace was made a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society at their 27 February 1854 meeting. --At a meeting held at Mitcheldean on 17 June 1856, the following words were spoken (according to page vii of the Proceedings of the Cotteswold Naturalists' Club, Volume 2, 1860): "...These are 'hard times' for those who will persist in drawing them, particularly when taken in connection with a proposition of Mr. Alfred Wallace (referred to in the [Geological Quarterly Journal, May, 1856, page lxvi-lxviii]) 'That every species has come into existence coincident both in time and space, with a pre-existing closely allied species.' Although Mr. Hamilton, the President, remarks that he thinks 'It may be doubted whether this assumed law can be maintained as a universal generalization,' this is a question which has not been and must be fairly worked out, and must therefore long remain an open one amongst Geologists and Palaeontologists who are worthy Members of such Associations as ours..." --The British Association for the Advancement of Science (Annual) Report for 1862 (published 1863) notes the petition that "Dr. Gray, Dr. Sclater, Mr. Alfred Newton, and Mr. Wallace be a Committee to report on the Acclimatization of Domestic Quadrupeds and Birds, and how they are affected by migration." --Wallace was elected "by acclamation" to the Entomological Society of London at their meeting of 1 June 1863. --Various British Association for the Advancement of Science (Annual) Reports indicate that Wallace was elected to that body in 1863. --In 1863 Wallace was appointed to a committee to review the zoological nomenclature rules that had been set up by Hugh E. Strickland in 1842. According to a committee report in the Report of the Thirty-Fifth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement for Science (for the meetings held in 1865 in Birmingham), at that meeting "Mr. Wallace had brought with him a written memorandum containing notes of what he thought could be altered or modified with advantange. The members present then read over the printed rules and recommendations one by one, and carefully compared them with the memoranda above mentioned, as well as with many letters from other naturalists..." (p. 27). Gordon McOuat writes ("Species, Rules, and Meaning: The Politics of Language and the Ends of Definitions in 19th Century Natural History," Studies in History & Philosophy of Science 27(4): 473-519, on p. 514): "...Strickland had said in 1838 that 'A name whose meaning is glaringly false may be changed.' Among those opposing this line was Alfred Russel Wallace, who wanted it deleted from the 2nd edition of the Rules issued by the BAAS in 1863. He was not successful." --on page 495 of a feature called 'London Correspondence' in Volume Three of the Canada Medical Journal, Wallace is mentioned as having resided during the 1865 Birmingham BAAS meetings with Dr. William Turner, Professor R. P. Howard of Montreal, and Dr. Gibb of London. --According to Gerald E. Myers in his biography William James: His Life and Thought (1986), James's first known publication as of that date was his anonymous review of Wallace's paper "The Origin of Human Races and the Antiquity of Man..." (S93) for the North American Review in July 1865. --According to pages 210-211 of Volume 2 of C. J. F. Bunbury's The Life of Sir Charles J. F. Bunbury Bart. (1906), Wallace attended a party at the Lyell's house on 11 December 1866 which was attended by many notables (and Bunbury first met Wallace there). --Wallace was elected a member of the Ethnological Society of London in 1866 and was a Council member in 1869-1870. --According to the Birmingham Daily Post issue of 16 April 1868, Wallace delivered a lecture on birds' nests and birds' colors at the Midland Institute on 13 April 1868. --The Forty-Eighth Report of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society for 1867-68 (published 1868) indicates that on 21 April 1868 and 23 April 1868, respectively, Wallace delivered lectures to the Society entitled "On the Climate and Vegetation of the Tropics" and "On the Animal Life of the Tropics." --The Spiritual Magazine issue of June 1868 includes a lengthy response by the electrician Cromwell Varley to a letter from John Tyndall requesting information on spiritualism from "men with heavy scientific appendages to their names," and forwarded to Varley by Wallace. --The British Association's annual Report series lists Wallace as a vice-president of Section D, Biology, for the August 1869 meetings at Exeter. --Wallace is listed in the Congress's Transactions as a member of a "Special Committee" connected with the Third Session of the International Congress of Prehistoric Archæology, which met in Norwich from 20 to 28 August 1869. --A notice on page 3 of The Times (London) issue of 8 November 1869 lists Wallace as one of the five members of the "Committee of Divisional (First and Second Mortgages) Bondholders," "Atlantic and Great Western Railway." --According to a note printed in the 21 April 1870 number of Nature, Wallace took part in a discussion on the "ravages committed on granaries by Calandra granaria and C. oryzae" held during the 4 April 1870 meeting of the Entomological Society of London. --At a meeting of the Entomological Society of London held 4 July 1870, Wallace is said to have "mentioned instances of protective mimicry in insects, recently observed by Mr. Everett in Borneo," according to a note printed in the 11 August 1870 issue of Nature. --An 1871 Land Tenure Reform Assocation pamphlet entitled Report of the Inaugural Public Meeting... (held 15 May 1871, with John Stuart Mill in the Chair) lists Wallace as being a member of their General Council. --The 9 November 1871 issue of Nature mentions that Wallace took part in a discussion of Sir John Lubbock's paper "On the Origin of Insects," presented at the 2 November 1871 meeting of the Linnean Society. --The 22 February 1872 issue of Nature notes that Wallace took part in a discussion of W. F. Kirby's paper "Comparative Geographical Distribution of Butterflies and Birds," presented at the 15 February 1872 meeting of the Linnean Society. --The 28 November 1872 issue of Nature mentions that at the 18 November meeting of the Entomological Society "Mr. Wallace forwarded exuviae of some insect, apparently of the family Tincina, which had committed ravages amongst the dried mosses and lichens collected by Dr. Spruce, in Brazil." --According to a story appearing in the 31 October 1872 issue of Nature, Wallace was named to a committee of the Royal Society formed to advise on how the H.M.S. Challenger scientific expedition should be conducted. --It is reported in the 30 January 1873 issue of Nature that Wallace had just been elected to the Council of the Anthropological Institute at their annual meeting. --Issue No. 131 (21 November 1889) of the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia indicates that Wallace was Society Member no. 1724, elected 18 April 1873. --Wallace was a member of the British National Association of Spiritualists, and apparently was also a founder of the organization (it was formed in 1873). --According to a story printed in the 12 November 1874 issue of Nature, on 3 November 1874 Wallace appeared at a meeting of the Zoological Society of London and "exhibited some rhinoceros horns obtained in Borneo by Mr. Everett, proving that this animal was still found living in that island." --Catherine Berry's 1876 book Experiences in Spiritualism includes the following passage on page 34: "...On another occasion, we were at a séance given by Miss Nichol, when the guitar was asked to be placed on the table, whereupon the spirits began playing it, when a severe blow was struck at one of the party, and the blood flowed from his temple. The gentleman who was struck, Mr. Alfred R. Wallace, the eminent naturalist, said--'It was my own fault entirely, I broke the conditions--the orders were to join hands; and I was very curious to know what sort of hand was playing the guitar, and that was the cause of the blow.' We again sat, and saw no more of the wound, the spirits having used their endeavours to heal it." --Wallace's help is acknowledged in the Preface to his friend Arabella Buckley's book A Short History of Natural Science, published in 1876 (with subsequent editions). Wallace also drew figures eight and nine for the book; these depict the telescopes used by Galileo and Kepler. --A story in the Nature issue of 1 November 1877 indicates that a series of lectures had been arranged at the Bristol Museum and Library and that Wallace was scheduled to give the first one (on 19 November), on "The Distribution of Animals as Indicating Geographical Changes." --Thomas Huxley's book Physiography (1877) contains a description of Wallace's Bedford Canal experiment on the curvature of the earth's surface. --Wallace was elected an honorary member of the Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences at least as early as 1878. --An 1878 report published by a Royal Commission on Copyright contains the information that The Malay Archipelago's published price was one pound eight shillings for the two volume 1869 edition, and seven shillings 6 pence for the one volume 1872 edition. The one-volume American edition sold for $2.50. --In a letter dated 2 July 1879 referring to Herbert Spencer's then newly-published Data of Ethics (partially reproduced in the Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer (1908)) Wallace writes: "I must express my admiration of the complete way in which you have developed the true nature of ethics. On that aspect of the question I agree with you unhesitatingly throughout . . . But I doubt if evolution alone, even as you have exhibited its action, can account for the development of the advanced and enthusiastic altruism that not only exists now, but apparently has always existed among men . . . " --Raphael Meldola's 27 January 1883 presidential address to the Essex Field Club (reported in the June 1883 issue of the Transactions of the Essex Field Club) includes mention that Wallace was still an Honorary Member of the Club as of that time. According to its Transactions, Vol. 1 (1880-1881), he was originally elected on 10 January 1880. --On page 249 of Volume 2 of the Proceedings of the Birmingham Philosophical Society Wallace is mentioned as having given the lecture "Probable Causes of the Mild Climate of the Arctic Regions in Past Ages" at the 11 November 1880 meeting of the Society. --According to the Essex Field Club's Journal of Proceedings, Vol. 2 (1882), Wallace gave a winter Science Lecture entitled "The Natural History of Islands" to the Club at their meeting of 4 January 1881. It notes that in response to a question he replied "the essential point to be decided was whether a fish, after being carried any considerable distance in such a way [in a bird's stomach], could be disgorged alive, and asked Mr. Harting whether he knew of such an occurrence." --Wallace is listed (in its proceedings) as an Honorary Foreign Member of the Terzo Congresso Geografico Internazionale held 15-22 September 1881 in Venice (he did not attend). In 1890 and 1894 he is listed (in their Bollettino series) as an Honorary Member of the Società Geografica Italiana. --The Land Nationalization edition of 1909 indicates (on p. 210) that Wallace read The Echo as of October 1881; in 1877 The Echo was called "the most liberal of London newspapers" on subjects like agnosticism. --An 1882 pamphlet entitled Some Account of the Lectures Hitherto Delivered in Connection With the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne... indicates that Wallace had given two sets of lectures to that body as of that date: "Nature in the Tropics" (three lectures in 1867-68), and "The Colours of Animals and Plants, Their Causes and Their Uses" (two lectures in 1876-77). --According to the news story "The Nationalisation of the Land" that appeared in the 1 February 1882 issue of The Freeman's Journal (Dublin), during an early meeting of the Land Nationalisation Society on 31 January Wallace stated that "one object of the society was to support the particular scheme they had been discussing, and which he had worked out some time ago." At the same meeting Henry George was present, and reputedly "urged them to unite on the broad priniciple, and then not to fear to be too bold. He was in favour of the immediate nationalisation of the land, and deprecated the awarding of any compensation" [i.e. for landlords]. --According to Deborah Blum, Ghost Hunters (2006), p. 72, Wallace attended the first meeting of the (British) Society for Psychical Research, held 20 February 1882. --The English Mechanic and World of Science issue of 17 March 1882, page 31, indicates that "the Glasgow popular science lectures were brought to a close last week by a lecture by Mr. A. R. Wallace on the biological relations of New Zealand and Australia." --According to a note in the 6 July 1882 issue of Nature, "At the summer commencements of the University of Dublin, held on June 29 last, the degree of LL.D. Honoris causâ was conferred on...Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace." --The 1899 Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal indicate that Wallace was made an "Honorary Member" of that Society on 7 February 1883. --Wallace is listed as an "Honorary or Corresponding Member" of the Central Association of Spiritualists, London, in the Light (London) issue of 17 February 1883. --The English Mechanic and World of Science issue of 23 February 1883, page 564, indicates that "On Monday evening, Mr. A. R. Wallace, LL.D., lectured to the Birmingham and Midland Institute on 'Island Life.'" --The Journal of Proceedings of the Essex Field Club, Vol. 4 (1892), reports that on 31 March 1883 Wallace was made a member of the Club's committee charged with exploration of Deneholes near Gray's Thurrock, Essex. A field investigation took place during the period 13 October to 10 November 1883. --The Journal of Science issue of August 1883 states that "Mr. A. R. Wallace has been elected a foreign member of the Dutch Society of Sciences, at Haarlem." --The Auk issue of January 1900 contains a list indicating that Wallace was elected an Honorary Member of the American Ornithologists' Union in 1883. --Wallace apparently was a vice-president of the London Society for the Abolition of Compulsory Vaccination starting in March 1884. --In the Light (London) issue of 9 August 1884 it is mentioned that M. Madach Aladar's Hungarian translation of "A Defence of Modern Spiritualism" is just appearing. --A story in the 13 August 1885 issue of Nature relates how the publisher Macmillan has decided to produce "a new series of Geographical Text Books" to be edited by Archibald Geikie, and with the cooperation of a number of figures, including Wallace. --The December 1885 number of The Entomologist includes a note from Raphael Meldola dated 26 September 1885 that mentions he had stayed "at Lyme Regis in August, with my friend Mr. A. R. Wallace." At the 18 December 1886 meeting of the Essex Field Club, Meldola adds that "they had seen all round the coast the evidences of former landslips (some of them being historical), the great masses of material slipping seawards over the slippery beds of the Liassic Clays and then undergoing erosion by the action of the sea" (Journal of Proceedings, Vol. 4, cxcix). --Volume 40 of the Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute (1907) lists Wallace as having been made an honorary member of the New Zealand Institute in 1885. --In a letter to the Editor published in the 30 January 1886 issue of Light (London), William F. Barrett quotes a "recent" letter he has received from Wallace: "I am not at all dissatisfied with the progress of the Society [for Psychical Research]'s work. The energy of Messrs. Myers and Gurney is admirable, and I feel convinced that if they go on much faster they will be classed with 'deluded Spiritualists,' and will get no more attention from the literary public than the Spiritualists themselves." Wallace would, however, increasingly sour on the Society's approach. --According to a story in the 12 February 1886 issue of Science, Wallace was involved in the initiation of the German spiritualism journal Sphinx, along with William Barrett and Elliot Coues. --The 20 March 1886 issue of Light (London) describes in some detail a paper delivered by Prof. William Barrett at the 6 March meeting of the Society for Psychical Research. In the paper Barrett describes a sitting he took part in with the medium Eglinton on 5 January 1878, also attended by Hensleigh Wedgwood and his sister, F. W. H. Myers, and Wallace. --The Journal of Proceedings of the Essex Field Club, Vol. 4 (1892), notes that Wallace attended the Club's 20 March 1886 meeting and contributed to discussion on a lecture ("The Protective Value of Colour and Attitude in Caterpillars") delivered on that date by Edward B. Poulton. --A story in the New-York Evangelist issue of 22 April 1886 reports that Wallace will be "coming to the United States on the invitation of Mr. Augustus Lowell of Boston, to deliver a course of eight lectures before the Lowell Institute, in October . . . [and] will lecture in other cities under the management of the Williams Lecture Bureau of Boston." --The Essex Field Club's Journal of Proceedings, Vol. 4 (1892), indicates that Wallace gave a lecture entitled "The Darwinian Theory: What It Is, and How It Is Demonstrated" at the 2 October 1886 meeting of the Club. --approximate itinerary, first part of American lecture tour: leaves London (9 Oct. 1886); arrives in New York (23 Oct. 1886); goes to Boston (28 Oct. 1886); gives first Lowell lecture (1 Nov. 1886); gives second Lowell lecture (4 Nov. 1886); gives third Lowell lecture (8 Nov. 1886); attends meeting of the National Academy of Sciences in Boston (9-11 Nov. 1886); gives fifth Lowell lecture (16 Nov. 1886); gives sixth Lowell lecture (18 Nov. 1886); goes to Williamstown to give lecture (19 Nov. 1886); gives lecture in Meriden CT (23 Nov. 1886); arrives in New Haven and visits Prof. O. C. Marsh (26 Nov. 1886); delivers a lecture on oceanic islands at Vassar College (29 Nov. 1886); lectures at the Peabody Institute in Baltimore (30 Nov. & 2, 7 and 9 Dec. 1886); returns to Boston (11 Dec. 1886); leaves Boston and reaches Washington, D.C. (31 Dec. 1886). --synopses of Wallace's Lowell Institute lectures: 1st, 1 Nov. 1886 (Boston Daily Advertiser 2 Nov. 1886: 8a; Banner of Light 6 Nov. 1886: 8b); 2nd, 4 Nov. 1886 (Banner of Light 13 Nov. 1886: 5b); 3rd, 8 Nov. 1886 (Banner of Light 20 Nov. 1886: 5c); 4th, 12 Nov. 1886 (Boston Daily Advertiser 12 Nov. 1886: 8d); 6th, 18 Nov. 1886 (Banner of Light 27 Nov. 1886: 8c); 8th and final, 24 Nov. 1886 (Banner of Light 11 Dec. 1886: 3c; Boston Daily Advertiser 25 Nov. 1886: 8b). --The Peabody Institute's (Baltimore) Twentieth Annual Report of the Provost (1887) reports that Wallace delivered "four illustrated lectures, Nov. 30, Dec. 2, 7, 9 [1886], on The Theory of Development and the Origin and Uses of Color in Animals and Plants." --approximate itinerary, middle part of American lecture tour: gives lecture at the American Geographical Society in New York (11 Jan. 1887); returns to D.C. (13 Jan. 1887); leaves D.C. to begin ten days' visit to Canada, visiting Rochester NY, Niagara Falls, Kingston ON, and Toronto (6 March 1887); returns to Washington, D.C. (18 March 1887); leaves D.C. for the West (6 April 1887); leaves West Virginia (13 April 1887) for Cincinnati, remaining there twelve days; leaves Cincinnati (25 April 1887); continues on to Bloomington IN, St. Louis, Kansas City, Council Bluffs, Sioux City (giving three lectures there), Kansas City again, Lawrence KS, Manhattan KS, and Salina KS; leaves Salina for Denver (18 May 1887); reaches Denver (19 May 1887) and continues on to Cheyenne the same day; reaches Ogden (20 May 1887) and continues on to Salt Lake City; returns to Ogden (21 May 1887), then continues westward. --The Independent (New York), issue of 3 February 1887, states that in Washington, D.C., the Literary Society met "last week" and that the guest of the evening was Wallace, who was introduced to the group by John Wesley Powell, president of the Society. --A Science story from its 29 March 1889 issue indicates that Wallace delivered a speech entitled "The Great Problems of Anthropology" to a 12 February 1887 special meeting of the Women's Anthropological Society of America in Washington, D.C. (an event also mentioned in Wallace's My Life). --The Abstract of the Proceedings of the Anthropological Society (of Washington, D.C.) for 15 February 1887 indicates that Wallace gave the talk "Social Economy versus Political Economy" on their 119th regular meeting, on that date, at the Columbian University (now Georgetown University). He was also elected an honorary member of the society at that time (and is so listed in the By-Laws of the Anthropological Society of Washington (1894)). --approximate itinerary, last part of American lecture tour: crossing Nevada (22 May 1887); has dinner at Reno (22 May 1887); reaches San Francisco (23 May 1887); gives three lectures in San Francisco (25 & 27 May 1887); visits the redwood grove nearby in the company of John Muir (28 May 1887); leaves for Stockton (29 May 1887); returns to San Francisco to give spiritualism lecture (5 June 1887); returns to Stockton, then visits Yosemite (8 June to 12 June 1887); spends time with brother in Stockton and Santa Cruz (last half of June 1887); leaves Stockton for the East (7 July 1887); spends several days in the Sierra Nevada; thereafter passes through Reno, Ogden, Salt Lake City, and the Wasatch Mountains, reaching Gunnison CO on 16 July 1887; continues on to Denver (18 July 1887) and stays in the area for over a week; leaves Denver (26 July 1887) and passes near Omaha (27 July 1887); reaches Chicago (28 July 1887); continues on to the Michigan Agricultural College and gives lectures on 29 July & 1 Aug. 1887; reaches Kingston ON on 2 Aug. 1887 and stays a few days; travels by steamer through the Thousand Islands area on the St. Lawrence River (7 Aug. 1887); reaches Montreal on 8 Aug. 1887 and stays a couple of days; continues on to Quebec and sight-sees for a day; leaves Quebec the morning of 12 Aug. 1887 and reaches north coast of Ireland on 19 Aug. 1887; disembarks at Liverpool the morning of 20 Aug. 1887. --a short note on page 1g of the Daily Evening Bulletin (San Francisco) issue of 19 May 1887, shortly before Wallace delivered his talks there in late May, describes him as "the most eminent living naturalist in the world." --Synopses of two of Wallace's May 1887 talks in San Francisco given in San Francisco Chronicle 26 May 1887: 6d & 28 May 1887: 6d; Religio-Philosophical Journal (Chicago) 11 June 1887: 2e-3a; and Daily Evening Bulletin (San Francisco) 26 May 1887: 2e & 28 May 1887: 4b. The 25 May talk was apparently presided over by the naturalist Joseph LeConte. --Lectures on Darwinism in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne on 19 Feb. 1888 (Durham Chronicle 24 Feb. 1888: 6a-6b; The Two Worlds 2 March 1888: 237). --A note in the Nature issue of 10 October 1889 indicates that Wallace was scheduled to present the first of a new series of twenty-one lectures sponsored by the Committee of the Sunday Lecture Society on 20 October at St. George's Hall, Langham Place, on "The Origin and Uses of the Colours of Animals." --A note in the Nature issue of 5 December 1889 indicates Wallace was presented with the degree of D.C.L., honoris causâ, from Oxford, on 26 November 1889. --Lectures on Darwinism in Liverpool on 16 Feb. 1890 (Liverpool Mercury 17 Feb. 1890: 6f; The Medium and Daybreak 28 Feb. 1890: 133a-135a). --The 1890 volume of the Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club lists Wallace as a member of the club as of that year. --Wallace was presented with the Royal Geographical Society's Founder's Medal during their meeting of 23 May 1892. --A story in the 9 June 1892 issue of Nature reports that at the Anniversary Meeting of the Linnean Society, 24 May 1892, Wallace was presented with the society's Gold Medal "in recognition of the service rendered by him to zoological sciences by numerous valuable publications." --As part of a story printed in The Californian issue of September 1892, Elliot Coues mentions that during a trip to England in 1884 he "had the pleasure and the honor" of being a guest at Wallace's house in Godalming. --On page 211 of her book Recollections of a Happy Life (1892), Marianne North writes: "...every one was against such an unconventional idea, except my old friend Mr. Fergusson, and he wanted some good geographer to make a model, and suggested consulting Francis Galton or Mr. Wallace... Then I made a pilgrimage to see Mr. Wallace, and found him most delightful, and much interested in my plan. He recommended asking Mr. Trelawney Saunders to make my map, which he did..." --A story in the Light (London) issue of 4 March 1893 indicates that Wallace was a member of the Advisory Council to the Psychical Congress in Chicago, held 21-25 August 1893. Some others involved in the same capacity included W. F. Barrett, Emma Hardinge Britten, William Crookes, Camille Flammarion, Francis Galton, Ernst Haeckel, Carl Du Prel, Lord Rayleigh, and Henry Sidgwick. --George H. Darwin (Charles Darwin's son) sent the following interesting letter to the Editor of The Times (London), who printed it in the 7 June 1893 issue: "Sir,--The election of Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace to the Royal Society last week has been commented on in the public journals as showing the inefficiency of the method by which Fellows are elected. It seems, therefore, only just to the Royal Society to state that it is notorious that Mr. Wallace would have been elected at any time within the last 35 years if he had ever allowed himself to be nominated." --In a 19 July 1894 letter to Norman Douglas printed on page 127 of Douglas's 1922 book Alone, Wallace indicates that he does "not read German." --On page 27 of the 1894 second edition of his The History of Human Marriage, author Edward Westermarck adds excerpted quotes from a Wallace letter he received concerning the relation between gestation periods in apes and availability of food: "...I have referred this important statement to Mr. Alfred R. Wallace, who writes as follows: 'From the maps of rain distribution in Africa in Stanford's "Compendium," the driest months in the Gorilla country seem to be January and February, and these would probably be the months of greatest fruit supply.' As regards the Orang-utan, Mr. Wallace adds, 'I found the young suckling Orang-utan in May; that was about the second or third month of the dry season, in which fruits began to be plentiful.'" These remarks do not appear in the first edition of the book. --Wallace is listed as an Honorary Corresponding Member of the Brooklyn Ethical Association in their 1894-1895 By-Laws. --An anonymous letter to the Editor printed in the 25 May 1895 issue of Light (London) mentions that theosophist Henry S. Olcott's book People from the Other World is dedicated to William Crookes and Wallace. --The 1913-1914 volumes of the Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales lists Wallace as having been an Honorary Member since 1895. --Records at the College of Psychic Studies in London include the information that Wallace signed as a "Subscriber" to the institution (then called the London Spiritualist Alliance) on 13 August 1896, along with several others (including Charles C. Massey and E. Dawson Rogers). --According to The Abridged Diaries of Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1998, p. 173) and The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman; An Autobiography (1972, p. 211) Gilman visited Wallace at Parkstone on 24 October 1896, during her lengthy visit to England. Wallace arranged and chaired a lecture for her in a nearby hall; she spoke on "Our Brains and What Ails Them." The second source indicates they "played two games of chess, one he won, one was a draw--which was better than I expected." --According to Volume 12 of the Transactions of the the Hertfordshire Natural History Society and Field Club (1906) Wallace was elected an honorary member of that group in 1896. --A Light (London) notice in its 18 June 1898 issue indicates that Wallace was the Chairman of the Thursday (23 June) afternoon session of the International Congress of Spiritualists, in London. Papers were presented by Prof. A. Alexander ("Brazilian Spiritism and Brazilian Evidence for Psychic Phenomena") and Dr. Moutin ("The Relations Between Magnetism and Spiritualism"). --On page 23 of the 1898 volume of the Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, Wallace is listed as a "Foreign Correspondent." --The Light (London) issue of 29 April 1899 carries a letter to the Editor by "Fiat Justitia" concerning the magician J. Nevil Maskelyne's "exposure" of a medium. Wallace's favorite motto was "fiat justitia" and he later testified against Maskelyne in a court proceeding (see S637), so this letter may well have been by him. --The Twenty-Eighth Annual Report and Proceedings, for the Year 1898-99, of the Chester Society of Natural Science, Literature & Art, Chester, England (an organization founded by Charles Kingsley), lists Wallace as an honorary member; later Reports also list him. --The Times (London) issue of 10 March 1900 carries a notice on page 10 by The South Africa Concilliation Committee (an organization dedicated to trying to "re-establish goodwill between the British and Dutch races in South Africa") which names Wallace, along with many others, as a member. --A story in the Light (London) issue of 13 October 1900 indicates that on 16 September 1900 a meeting was held in Paris prior to the International Congress of Spiritualists that year, and Wallace was elected an honorary president for the meetings, which ended on September 27 of that year. --A 1900 or later "appeal for funds" pamphlet from the Garden City Association entitled A Solution of the Problem of Depopulation of Country Districts and Overcrowding in Large Cities lists Wallace as a member of that organization's Council. --In a story concerning the eating habits of celebrities printed in the Current Literature issue of September 1901 Wallace reports that he finds "fish good for brain work," and that he believes, theoretically, in vegetarianism. --On page 279 of Minot Judson Savage's 1901 book Life Beyond Death that author states "Alfred Russel Wallace is the most famous scientific man living on earth to-day." --The Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research for February 1903 lists Wallace as an honorary member of the Society. --In the Year-Book and Record, 1903, of the Royal Geographical Society, Wallace is listed by that Society's Council as a referee for "Biological Distribution." --On page 138 of Nellie Beighle's 1903 book Book of Knowledge the author describes Wallace as "the foremost living European naturalist." --A story in The Times (London) issue of 17 June 1904 reports on the 63rd annual general meeting of the members of the London Library the day before, and the election during it of Wallace as one of its vice-presidents. The Times was still listing him as a vice-president of the institution as of its issue of 1 August 1907. --A story in the 21 October 1904 issue of Science reports that Wallace was to be one of the first vice-presidents of the newly-formed Ethological Society (I have not been able to confirm whether he actually ended up being so). --A note on page 732 of Volume 29 of the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society (1904-05) indicates that Wallace donated three plants of Eucalyptus gunnii to the Society in 1904, and that these were planted in their gardens at Wisley during that year. Are they possibly still there? --In the Preface to the 1904 book The Great & Good, An Introduction to Rational Religion, the author ("Great") says he is "indebted for advice and encouragement" to Wallace. --In the feature "100 Years Ago in The American Ornithologists' Union" in the January 2005 issue of The Auk, Wallace is mentioned as having been an "Honorary Fellow" of the AOU as of 1905. --According to a story printed in the Forest and Stream issue of 1 April 1905, Wallace was one of two honorary presidents of the Fourth International Ornithological Congress, held in London between 12 and 17 June, 1905. --According to a feature entitled "Phrenology and Scientists and What They Say" printed in the September 1905 issue of The Phrenological Journal and Science of Health, Wallace wrote a letter in 1896 containing the words "I am still as I have been all my life a firm believer in Phrenology, both in its scientific and practical aspects." --Editor W. T. Stead of the Review of Reviews (London ed.), in the course of commenting on Wallace's article "The Native Problem in South Africa and Elsewhere" (S630) in RR's November 1906 issue, refers to Wallace as "our most eminent Socialist" (Volume 34, p. 499). --In Volume 44 of The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign (1906) G. S. Boulger writes on page 417 (as part of his article "The Disappearance of British Plants"): "Some years ago Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace expressed to me the fear that, as it has already all but demolished the lichen-flora of Epping Forest, on the one side, and of Kew Gardens on the other, London smoke was killing the junipers on the more distant Surrey hills." --An ad in the December 1907 issue of The Arena refers to Wallace as "the most eminent living evolutionary philosopher and one of the most fundamental and profound economic writers of the time." --In his article "Against All Cruelty: the Humanitarian League, 1891-1919" (History Workshop Journal, Issue 38, 1994, pp. 86-105) author Dan Weinbren cites Wallace as being a member of the Humanitarian League, but he gives no source for this information. However, Wallace is listed as having "associated [himself] with one or another branch of the League's work" in an attachment to Volume 7 of The Humane Review in 1907. The Humanitarian League was founded in the Spring of 1891 by Henry S. Salt. --The Nature issue of 2 July 1908 reports "As we went to press yesterday, July 1, the Linnean Society celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the reading of the joint paper on natural selection by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. At the afternoon meeting a medal, specially struck for the occasion, was presented to Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace... At the same meeting congratulatory addresses were received from British universities and British and foreign societies and academies. About a hundred of the fellows and guests of the society dined together at the Princes' Restaurant at 6:30, and later in the evening a reception was held at the rooms of the society." --The Agricultural Bulletin of the Straits and Federated Malay States, Vol. 7, no. 11, November 1908, records the following comments by J. B. Carruthers on page 541: "Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, whose name will always be associated with Malayan regions, writes to me in regard to the protective forest belts which have been, and are being, laid out through the Federated Malay States: 'They prevent the loss of soil which can never be replaced.' The italics are Dr. Wallace's." --The Science issue of 25 November 1910 reports that the "Royal Society of Edinburgh has elected honorary fellows as follows...", the list including Wallace. --A letter to the Editor from J. J. Gallagher in the March 1912 issue of the Railway Carmen's Journal includes the following comment: "...it is at least consoling to us poor ignorant, unenlightened fellows to know that we have among our number as companions in ignorance, four-fifths of all the college professors throughout the world, every Socialist of note, beginning with the peer of them all, Sir Alfred Russell Wallace of England; also the most eminent men of letters in this and every other country..." --A. F. R. Wollaston's 1912 book Pygmies & Papuans; The Stone Age To-day in Dutch New Guinea is dedicated to Wallace. --On page 107 of the February 1913 issue of The Bridgemen's Magazine (Indianapolis) it is written: "Of the master minds of the last century that of Dr. Alfred Wallace of London stands out in its field preeminent. Dr. Wallace is known the world over as the "Grand Old Man of Science." --The Science issue of January 1915 indicates that Wallace's widow, Annie Wallace, died at Broadstone, Dorset, on 10 December 1914. --Notes and Queries, issue of 8 November 1952, reports that Wallace "is a character in the novel The Origin of Evil by Ellery Queen," published in 1951. --Yvonne Frost, a leader of the Church of Wicca, reputedly became a Spiritualist in the early 1960s and claims to have had Wallace as her spirit guide!
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