Tailleferre, Germaine (1892-1983) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical
Best Known For:  chamber music---stage works (operas, ballets, film scores)---concs.
Musical Influences:  Fauré; Koechlin; Ravel; Satie

Takemitsu, Toru (1930-96) Japanese
Style/Period:  Impressionist/Exoticist
Genre Profile:  022---2222---2222---212---10---02x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---works featuring exotic instrs.---chamber music---guitar (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---film scores
Notable Works:   . . . Requiem for String Orch. (1957) . . . November Steps ['double concerto' for biwa, shakuhachi fl & orch.] (1967) . . . Toward the Sea [alto fl & guitar] (1981)
Musical Influences:  Cage; -DEBUSSY; Messiaen; Schoenberg; Webern; Xenakis; silence; sounds of nature; jazz; NATIVE JAPANESE MUSIC & INSTRUMENTS

Tallis, Thomas (c1505-85) British; London-based from c1543
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  Latin & English sacred vocal music (motets, masses, anthems, etc.)---solo keyboard
Notable Works:  . . . Lamentations of Jeremiah [5 vv] (c1565) . . . Spem in alium [sacred motet for 40 vv] (1573?) . . . Salvator Mundi, Salva nos I [sacred motet for 5 vv] (p1575)
Musical Influences:  Taverner; plainsong; Franco-Flemish music
Has Influenced:  Bull; BYRD; +++Vaughan Williams

Taneyev, Sergey (1856-1915) Russian; Moscow-based from c1866
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Russian Romantic
Best Known For:  syms.---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Sym. #4 in C minor Op.12 (1898)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; TCHAIKOVSKY; ---Renaissance polyphony; --Viennese Classical school
Has Influenced:  Glière; Medtner; Rachmaninov; Scriabin

Tárrega (y Eixea), Francisco (1852-1909) Spanish; Barcelona-based from 1885
Style/Period:  Late Romantic (Spanish Nationalist)
Best Known For:  solo guitar (incl. transcriptions of other composers' works)
Notable Works:  . . . Capricho Árabe [guitar] (p1900) . . . Mazurka #3 'Marieta' [guitar] (p1900) . . . Recuerdos de la Alhambra [guitar] (p1900)
Musical Influences:  Sor

Tartini, Giuseppe (1692-1770) Italian; mainly Padua-based from 1709
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Genre Profile:  000---0220---0222---002---00---200
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  violin (sonatas, concs.)---concs.
Notable Works:  . . . Conc. for Trumpet & String Orch. in D (d?) . . . Sonata for Violin & Basso-Continuo in G minor 'Devil's Trill' (d?)
Musical Influences:  Corelli; Rameau; Vivaldi; folk music
Has Influenced:  Boccherini; Leclair; [JG Naumann]; Quantz

Tavener, John (1944-) British
Style/Period:  Mystical
Best Known For:  sacred vocal/choral-orchestral music
Notable Work:  . . . The Protecting Veil [vc & orch.] (1987)
Musical Influences:  Stravinsky; Medieval music; RUSSIAN & GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH MUSIC; European avant-garde

Taverner, John (c1490-1545) British
Style/Period:  Middle English Renaissance
Best Known For:  church music (masses & mass sections, magnificats, motets, antiphons)
Notable Works:  . . . Dum transisset Sabbatum I [motet for 5 vv] (c1525) . . . Mass 'Western Wynde' [4 vv] (c1535)
Musical Influences:  Josquin
Has Influenced:  Byrd; +++Davies; SHEPPARD; Tallis

Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Il'yich (1840-93) Russian; mainly St. Petersburg & Moscow-based from 1850
Style/Period:  Late Russian Romantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  333---3300---2222---200---33---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---ballets & orchestral suites drawn therefrom---concs.---orchestral pcs---operas---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 in G minor 'Winter Daydreams' Op.13 (1866, r1874) . . . None but the Lonely Heart [song w/words after Goethe] Op.6 no.6 (1869) . . . Romeo & Juliet (Fantasy Over.) in B minor [orch.] (1869, r1870 & 1880) . . . String Quartet #1 in D Op.11 (1871) . . . Sym. #2 in C minor 'Little Russian' Op.17 (1872, r1879-80) . . . Piano Conc. #1 in B flat minor Op.23 (1874-5) . . . Swan Lake [ballet] Op.20 (1875-6; orch. suite 1876) . . . The Seasons [pf suite] Op.37b (1875-6) . . . Marche Slave in B flat [orch.] Op.31 (1876) . . . Francesca da Rimini in E minor [sym. fantasy] Op.32 (1876) . . . Variations on a Rococo Theme in A [vc & orch.] Op.33 (1876) . . . Eugene Onegin [opera] (1877-8), incl. 'Waltz' [orch.] . . . Sym. #4 in F minor Op.36 (1877-8) . . . Violin Conc. in D Op.35 (1878) . . . 1812 Over. in E flat [concert over.] Op.49 (1880) . . . Italian Capriccio in A [orch.] Op.45 (1880) . . . Serenade in C [string orch.] Op.48 (1880) . . . Piano Trio in A minor Op.50 (1881-2) . . . Manfred Symphony in B minor [sym./sym. poem after Byron] Op.58 (1885) . . . Andante Cantabile (from String Quartet #1, Op.11) [vc & string orch. arr.] (1886?-8) . . . Suite #4 in G 'Mozartiana' [orch.] Op.61 (1887) . . . Sym. #5 in E minor Op.64 (1888) . . . The Sleeping Beauty [ballet] Op.66 (1888-9; orch. suite 1890) . . . The Queen of Spades [opera] Op.68 (1890) . . . The Nutcracker [ballet] Op.71 (1891-2; orch. suite Op.71a 1892), incl. 'Waltz of the Flowers' . . . Sym. #6 in B minor 'Pathétique' Op.74 (1893)
Musical Influences:  Balakirev; -Beethoven; Berlioz; Bizet; Chopin; Delibes; Glinka; Gounod; Liszt; Massenet; --MOZART; Rubinstein; R Schumann; Russian folksong; Italian opera
Has Influenced:  ARENSKY; Glazunov; Glière; +Kabalevsky; +Khachaturian; Massenet; Miaskovsky; Prokofiev; RACHMANINOV; Scriabin; ++Shchedrin; +Shostakovich; Sibelius; Stravinsky; Suk; TANEYEV; Villa-Lobos

Tcherepnin, Alexander (1899-1977) Russian-French-American; U.S.-based from 1949
Style/Period:  Neoclassical
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---syms.
Musical Influences:  Prokofiev; East Asian music; French music; European, Caucasian & East Asian folk music

Telemann, Georg Philipp (1681-1767) German; Hamburg-based from 1721
Style/Period:  Late German Baroque (w/eclectic German, French & Italian elements)
Genre Profile:  022---1223---2222---022---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  concs. & concerti grossi---overture-suites---chamber music (quartets, sonatas, trio sonatas, etc.)---sacred & secular cantatas
Notable Works:  . . . 6 Trio Sonatas [2 instrs. & continuo] (p1718) . . . Conc. for 2 Horns & String Orch. in E flat 'Tafelmusik III, no.3' (p1733) . . . Conc. for 3 Violins & String Orch. in F 'Tafelmusik II, no.3' (p1733) . . . Over.-Suite in G 'Don Quichotte' [string orch.] (1761?) . . . 2 Concerti for 3 Trumpets & Orch. in D (d?) . . . 8 Concerti for Oboe & String Orch. (d?) . . . Conc. for Trumpet & Strings in D (d?) . . . Conc. for Viola & Strings in G (d?) . . . Over.-Suite in A minor [fl & string orch.] (d?) . . . Conc. for Recorder, Flute & String Orch. in E minor (d?)
Musical Influences:  CORELLI; F Couperin; [R Keiser]; Lully; Vivaldi; French & Italian music; POLISH FOLK MUSIC; Moravian & German folk music
Has Influenced:  CPE Bach; Quantz

Thomas, (Charles Louis) Ambroise (1811-96) French; mainly Paris-based from 1821
Style/Period:  Middle French Romantic
Best Known For:  operas
Notable Works:  . . . Mignon [opera] (1866) . . . Hamlet [opera] (1869)
Musical Influences:  GOUNOD; Meyerbeer; Weber
Has Influenced:  Massenet

Thompson, Randall (1899-1984) American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  choral & choral-orchestral music---syms.
Musical Influences:  Bloch; Americana
Has Influenced:  Bernstein

Thomson, Virgil (1896-1989) American; Paris-based 1921-2 & 1925-40, mainly New York-based thereafter
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical/American Nationalist (Experimental)
Genre Profile:  222---0112---2212---222---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  film scores & suites---operas---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . Four Saints in Three Acts [opera] (1927-8 & 1933) . . . The Plow that Broke the Plains [film score & orch. suite] (1936) . . . The River [film score & orch. suite] (1937) . . . The Mother of Us All [opera] (1947) . . . 5 Songs from William Blake [solo v & orch.] (1951) . . . 'Portraits' series [147 pcs, mainly for solo pf] (various dates)
Musical Influences:  Milhaud; SATIE; Stravinsky; American hymns & folk music
Has Influenced:  Copland; Rorem

Tippett, Michael (1905-98) British
Style/Period:  Neoclassical
Genre Profile:  222---2002---1211---212---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  has worked productively in most main genres
Notable Works:  . . . String Quartet #1 in A (1934-5, r1943) . . . Conc. for Double String Orch. (1938-9) . . . A Child of Our Time [secular oratorio for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1939-41) . . . Fantasia Concertante on a Theme of Corelli [string orch.] (1953) . . . King Priam [opera] (1958-61)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; --Beethoven; Hindemith; ---Purcell; Sibelius; Stravinsky; blues; jazz; Renaissance & Baroque music

Tomkins, Thomas (1572-1656) Welsh; mainly London & Worcester-based
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Best Known For:  anthems---solo keyboard---consort music---madrigals
Musical Influences:  BYRD

Torelli, Giuseppe (1658-1709) Italian
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Baroque
Best Known For:  concs. & concerti grossi---chamber music---orchestral pcs---trumpet (w/orch.)
Notable Work:  . . . Conc. for Trumpet & Strings in D G18 (d?)
Musical Influences:  +Vivaldi
Has Influenced:  Albinoni; Vivaldi

Torróba, Federico Moreno (see under 'Moreno Torróba')

Tournemire, Charles (1870-1939) French; Paris-based during most of adult life
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic (French organ school)
Best Known For:  solo organ---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . L'Orgue Mystique [51 Offices for the Roman Catholic liturgy, for org] Opp. 55-57 (1927-32)
Musical Influences:  FRANCK; WIDOR; Gregorian chant; German music
Has Influenced:  Dupré; Duruflé; Langlais

Tower, Joan (1938-) American
Style/Period:  Serial to c1975; Neoromantic thereafter
Best Known For:  featured instrument w/orchestra---orchestral pcs---chamber music
Musical Influences:  ---Beethoven

Tubin, Eduard (1905-82) Estonian; Stockholm-based from 1944
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Best Known For:  syms.---concs.---solo piano---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #4 'Sinfonia Lirica' (1943) . . . Sym. #9 'Sinfonia Semplice' (1969)
Musical Influences:  Kodály; Prokofiev; FOLK MUSIC; jazz; popular song; Impressionists

Turina, Joaquín (1882-1949) Spanish; Madrid-based from 1914
Style/Period:  Spanish Nationalist
Genre Profile:  112---2000---2222---212---01---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber music, w/orch.)---solo guitar---songs---orchestral pcs
Notable Works:  . . . La Oración del Torero [str qtt] Op.34 (1925; string orch. arr. 1934) . . . Fandanguillo [guitar] Op.36 (1926)
Musical Influences:  Albéniz; Debussy; Falla; Franck; Indy; Ravel; folk music; popular music
Has Influenced:  Rodrigo

Varèse, Edgard (1883-1965) French-American; mainly Paris, Germany & U.S.-based
Style/Period:  Experimentalist
Genre Profile:  002---0000---2000---002---00---02x
Quantity of Work Produced:  small
Best Known For:  music emphasizing percussion, rhythmicity, & winds---magnetic tape-based pcs
Notable Works:  . . . Octandre [fl, woodwinds & brass chamber ensemble (8 instrs.)] (1923) . . . Ionisation [13 perc] (1929-31) . . . Ecuatorial [solo v & 18 instr. ensemble (or for chorus & orch.)] (1932-4) . . . Density 21.5 [fl] (1936) . . . Déserts [14 winds, 5 perc, pf & 2 track tape] (1950?-4, r1960 & 1961)
Musical Influences:  Busoni; Debussy; Schoenberg; R Strauss; Stravinsky; Widor; ---Medieval, Renaissance & Baroque music; Asian music
Has Influenced:  [H Birtwistle]; Boulez; Cage; Carter; Feldman; JOLIVET; KRAFT; Nancarrow; Schuller; Stockhausen; Wuorinen; Xenakis; [F ZAPPA]

Vaughan Williams, Ralph (1872-1958) British; mainly London-based
Style/Period:  English Nationalist
Genre Profile:  322---2222---2202---120---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---orchestral pcs, incl. folksong settings---songs & song cycles---works for featured instr(s). w/orch.---choral music
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 'Sea Symphony' [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1903-9, r1923) . . . On Wenlock Edge [song cycle for solo v, pf & str qtt] (1908-9) . . . The Wasps, Aristophanic Suite (from incidental music to the Aristophane play) [orch.] (1909) . . . Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis [2 string orchs.] (1910, r1910-19) . . . Sym. #2 'London' (1912-3, r1920 & 1933) . . . The Lark Ascending [romance for vln & orch.] (1914, r1920) . . . Mass in G minor [4 solo vv & chorus of 8] (1920-1) . . . English Folk Song Suite [military band] (1923) . . . Job [masque for dancing] (1927-30) . . . Sym. #4 in F minor (1931-4) . . . Fantasia on Greensleeves (from the opera Sir John in Love) [fl(s), harp & strings] (1934) . . . Serenade to Music [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1938; chorus & orch. arr. 1939) . . . Sym. #5 in D (1938-43, r1951) . . . Five Variants of Dives & Lazarus [harp & string orch.] (1939) . . . Conc. for Oboe & String Orch. in A minor (1944) . . . Sym. #6 in E minor (1944-7, r1950) . . . Sym. #7 'Antarctica' [solo v, chorus & orch.] (1949-52) . . . The Pilgrim's Progress [morality opera] (1949, r1951-2)
Musical Influences:  Elgar; +Holst; Parry; +Ravel; Sibelius; Stanford; ---Tallis; Renaissance & Elizabethan music; ENGLISH FOLK MUSIC
Has Influenced:  Alwyn; Butterworth; Finzi; Hanson; Holst; HOWELLS; Moeran

Verdi, Giuseppe (1813-1901) Italian; mainly North Italy-based
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Romantic
Genre Profile:  000---0000---0200---100---03---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas---sacred vocal/choral-orchestral music
Notable Works:  . . . Ernani [opera] (1844) . . . Macbeth [opera] (1847, r1865) . . . Rigoletto [opera] (1851) . . . Il Trovatore [opera] (1853) . . . La Traviata [opera] (1853) . . . Over. to (the opera) La Traviata [orch.] (1853) . . . La Forza del Destino [opera] (1862, r1869) . . . Over. to (the opera) La Forza del Destino [orch.] (1862) . . . Don Carlo [opera] (1867, r1884) . . . Aida [opera] (1871), incl. 'March' [orch.] . . . String Quartet in E minor (1873) . . . Messa da Requiem [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1874) . . . Otello [opera] (1887) . . . Falstaff [opera] (1893)
Musical Influences:  Bellini; +Boito; Donizetti; Mercadante; Meyerbeer; ---Palestrina; Rossini
Has Influenced:  +Argento; Bizet; Boito; +Britten; Busoni; +Ginastera; Giordano; Leoncavallo; Mascagni; +Menotti; Mussorgsky; -Pacini; Pizzetti; Ponchielli; Puccini

Victoria, Tomás Luis de (c1548-1611) Spanish; Rome-based from c1565-1587, Madrid-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Late Spanish Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music (motets, masses, hymns, passions, etc.)
Notable Works:  . . . Ave Maria [sacred motet for 8 vv & org] (p1572, r p1600) . . . O magnum mysterium [sacred motet for 4 vv] (p1572) . . . O quam gloriosum est regnum [sacred motet for 4 vv] (p1572) . . . Missa O quam gloriosum [4 vv] (p1583) . . . Officium defunctorum [requiem for 6 vv] (1605)
Musical Influences:  Morales; PALESTRINA; Spanish & Italian music
Has Influenced:  +++Poulenc

Vierne, Louis (1870-1937) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) French Romantic (French organ school)
Genre Profile:  101---1000---2102---231---00---210
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo organ, espec. organ syms.---sacred vocal/choral music w/organ---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 in D minor [org] Op.14 (1899) . . . Messe Solennelle in C sharp minor [4 vv & 2 organs] Op.16 (1900) . . . Sym. #3 in F sharp minor [org] Op.28 (1912) . . . Carillon de Westminster [organ fantasy] Op.54 no.6 (1927)
Musical Influences:  Fauré; FRANCK; Wagner; WIDOR
Has Influenced:  DUPRÉ; Duruflé

Vieuxtemps, Henri (1820-81) Belgian
Style/Period:  Middle French Romantic
Best Known For:  violin (solo, chamber, w/orch.)
Notable Work:  . . . Violin Conc. #5 in A minor Op.37 (1861)
Musical Influences:  Paganini

Villa-Lobos, Heitor (1887-1959) Brazilian; mainly Rio de Janeiro-based (Paris-based 1923-30)
Style/Period:  Brazilian Nationalist
Genre Profile:  222---2222---2222---203---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  'Chôros' & 'Bachianas Brasileiras' series (various forces)---guitar (solo, chamber, w/orch.)---chamber music, espec. string quartets---songs---piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . 17 string quartets (1915-57) . . . Chôros #1 in E minor [guitar] (1920) . . . Nonet [secular text for chorus, instrumental ensemble & perc] (1923) . . . Chôros #5 'Alma Brasileira' [pf] (1925) . . . Chôros #10 [chorus & orch.] (1926) . . . 12 Etudes [guitar] (1929) . . . Bachianas Brasilieras #1 [8 vc] (1930) . . . Bachianas Brasilieras #5 [songs for solo v & 8 vc] (1938-45) . . . 5 Preludes [guitar] (1940) . . . Guitar Conc. (1951)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Debussy; [E Nazareth]; Puccini; R Strauss; Stravinsky; Tchaikovsky; -Wagner; BRAZILIAN POPULAR MUSIC; BRAZILIAN FOLK MUSIC; BRAZILIAN NATIVE AMERICAN MUSIC; French & Russian music; African music

Viotti, Giovanni Battista (1755-1824) Italian; mainly Paris & London-based from 1782
Style/Period:  Post-Classical (Paris virtuoso school)
Best Known For:  violin concs.
Musical Influences:  J Haydn; Mozart; French & Italian music
Has Influenced:  [JPJ Rode]; Spohr

Vitry, Philippe de (1291-1361) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Medieval (Ars nova)
Best Known For:  motets
Has Influenced:  Machaut

Vivaldi, Antonio (1678-1741) Italian; mainly Venice-based
Style/Period:  Late Italian Baroque
Genre Profile:  000---0333---3222---000---02---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  concs. & concerti grossi (violin(s), wind(s), multiple instr. combinations)---chamber music (chamber concs., sonatas, trio sonatas)---sacred vocal/choral music---operas
Notable Works:  . . . 12 Concerti Grossi 'L'Estro Armonico' Op.3 (p1711) . . . 4 Concerti for Violin & String Orch. 'The Seasons' Op.8, nos.1-4 (p1725) . . . 6 Concerti for Flute & String Orch. Op.10 (p c1728) . . . Trio Sonata for Violin, Lute & Continuo in C RV82 (d?) . . . Chamber Conc. for Lute (now usually guitar), 2 Violins & Basso-Continuo in D RV93 (d?) . . . Conc. for Mandolin, Strings & Basso-Continuo in C RV425 (d?) . . . Conc. for Flute (or Recorder), Strings & Basso-Continuo in C minor RV441 (d?) . . . Conc. for Flute (or Recorder), Strings & Basso-Continuo in F RV442 (d?) . . . Conc. for Piccolo, Strings & Basso-Continuo in C RV443 (d?) . . . Conc. for Oboe, Strings & Basso-Continuo in A minor RV461 (d?) . . . Conc. for 2 Cellos, Strings & Basso-Continuo in G minor RV531 (d?) . . . Conc. for 2 Mandolins, Strings & Basso-Continuo in G RV532 (d?) . . . Conc. for 2 Trumpets, Strings &Basso-Continuo in C RV537 (d?) . . . Conc. for 3 Violins, Strings & Basso-Continuo in F RV551 (d?) . . . Gloria in D [solo vv, chorus & orch.] RV589 (d?) . . . Credo in E minor [chorus, org & string orch.] RV591 (d?)
Musical Influences:  Albinoni; Corelli; [G Legrenzi]; A Scarlatti; Torelli
Has Influenced:  Albinoni; CPE Bach; JS Bach; Hasse; Heinichen; Leclair; Locatelli; +++Malipiero; Quantz; Sammartini; Tartini; Telemann; -Torelli; Zelenka

Wagner, Richard (1813-83) German
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic (New German school; German Nationalist)
Genre Profile:  132---0100---0002---200---03---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas and opera overs. & preludes---'Siegfried Idyll' (orch.)---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . The Flying Dutchman [opera] (1841, r1846 & 1852) . . . Over. to (the opera) The Flying Dutchman [orch.] (1841, r1852 & 1860) . . . Tannhäuser [opera] (1843-5, r1861 & 1865) . . . Over. to (the opera) Tannhäuser [orch.] (1845) . . . Lohengrin [opera] (1845-8) . . . Götterdämmerung [opera] (1848-74) . . . Preludes to Acts I & III of (the opera) Lohengrin [orch.] (1850) . . . Das Rheingold [opera] (1851-4) . . . Die Walküre [opera] (1851-6), incl. 'Ride of the Valkyries' [orch.] . . . Siegfried [opera] (1851-71), incl. 'Forest Murmurs' [orch.] . . . Tristan und Isolde [opera] (1857-9) . . . Prelude & Death of Isolde from (the opera) Tristan und Isolde [orch.] (1857-9) . . . Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg [opera] (1861-7) . . . Prelude to (the opera) Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg [orch.] (1867) . . . Siegfried Idyll [small orch.] (1870) . . . Parsifal [opera] (1876-82)
Musical Influences: BEETHOVEN; Bellini; Berlioz; Chopin; --Gluck; Halévy; Liszt; Meyerbeer; -Mozart; Rossini; Spohr; Spontini; Weber
Has Influenced:  Alfvén; Bartók; Bax; Beach; +Berg; Bloch; Boito; +Boulanger; BRUCKNER; CHABRIER; G Charpentier; CHAUSSON; Debussy; DELIUS; Dohnányi; DUKAS; Duparc; Dvorák; ELGAR; Enescu; Fauré; Fibich; Franck; Glière; GOLDMARK; ++Henze; Herbert; Holst; HUMPERDINCK; INDY; Janácek; Lalo; Leoncavallo; -Liszt; Lyadov; MacDowell; Mahler; Massenet; Miaskovsky; Offenbach; PARRY; ++Penderecki; PFITZNER; Pizzetti; Ponchielli; Puccini; Reger; Reinecke; Rimsky-Korsakov; Saint-Saëns; Schoenberg; Schreker; SCRIABIN; Sibelius; Sinding; Smetana; Stanford; Stenhammar; J Strauss Jr.; Jos Strauss; R Strauss; Szymanowski; Vierne; +Villa-Lobos; Webern; WOLF; Wolf-Ferrari; Zemlinsky

Walton, William (1902-83) British
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  232---0300---0202---112---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  concs. for string instrs.---film scores---choral-orchestral music---orchestral pcs---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Façade [monologues w/music for 2 speakers & instrumental ensemble] (1921-2; orch suites 1 & 2, 1926 & 1938) . . . Viola Conc. in A minor (1928-9, r1961) . . . Belshazzar's Feast [sacred cantata for solo v, chorus & orch.] (1930-1) . . . Sym. #1 in B flat minor (1932-5) . . . film scores (1934-70) . . . Crown Imperial--Coronation March [orch.] (1937) . . . Violin Conc. in B minor (1938-9) . . . Cello Conc. (1956, r1974)
Musical Influences:  Elgar; Gershwin; Hindemith; Prokofiev; Ravel; Roussel; Sibelius; Stravinsky
Has Influenced:  Bennett; Britten

Warlock, Peter (1894-1930) British; mainly London-based
Style/Period:  English Nationalist
Genre Profile:  002---0000---0000---100---00---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  songs & song cycles---orchestral pcs---choral music
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1910-30) . . . The Curlew [song cycle for solo v, fl, English horn & str qtt] (1920-2) . . . Capriol Suite [string orch.] (1926)
Musical Influences:  DELIUS; [B Van Dieren]; ---ELIZABETHAN & JACOBEAN MUSIC; English folksong
Has Influenced:  Lambert; Moeran

Weber, Carl Maria von (1786-1826) German
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Genre Profile:  222---2230---2122---201---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas & opera overs.---clarinet (chamber combs., w/orch.)---piano (solo, concs.)---songs---orchestration
Notable Works:  . . . Bassoon Conc. in F (1811, r1822) . . . Clarinet Conc. #1 in F minor Op.73 (1811) . . . Clarinet Conc. #2 in E flat Op.74 (1811) . . . Concertino for Clarinet & Orch. in E flat Op.26 (1811) . . . Quintet for Clarinet & String Quartet in B flat Op.34 (1815) . . . Grand Duo Concertant for Clarinet & Piano in E flat Op.48 (1815-6) . . . Der Freischütz [opera] (1817-21) . . . Invitation to the Dance in D flat [pf] Op.65 (1819; orch. arr. by Berlioz, 1841) . . . Over. to (the opera) Der Freischütz [orch.] (1821) . . . Euryanthe [opera] (1822-3) . . . Over. to (the opera) Euryanthe [orch.] (1822-3) . . . Over. to (the opera) Oberon [orch.] (1825-6)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; Cherubini; Danzi; M Haydn; Méhul; Mozart; Spontini; [G Vogler]; folk music
Has Influenced:  Auber; Berlioz; +Bizet; Chopin; -Danzi; +Fibich; Liszt; ++Mahler; MENDELSSOHN; Nicolai; ++Pfitzner; R Schumann; Thomas; Wagner

Webern, Anton (von) (1883-1945) Austrian; mainly Vienna-based
Style/Period:  German Expressionist to 1924; Serial (Second Viennese school) thereafter
Genre Profile:  202---0000---2222---200---00---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  chamber music, espec. string quartets---orchestral & chamber orchestral pcs---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Im Sommerwind [sym. poem] (1904) . . . Passacaglia [large orch.] Op.1 (1908) . . . 5 Movements [str qtt] Op.5 (1909) . . . 6 Pieces [orch.] Op.6 (1909) . . . 5 Pieces [small orch.] Op.10 (1911-3) . . . 6 Bagatelles [str qtt] Op.9 (1911-3) . . . 5 Canons on Latin Texts [sacred songs for solo v, cl & bass cl] Op.16 (1923-4) . . . Sym. [chamber orch.] Op.21 (1928) . . . String Quartet Op.28 (1936-8)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; --Beethoven; Brahms; Mahler; Reger; SCHOENBERG; -Wagner; Renaissance polyphony
Has Influenced:  Babbitt; Bergman; Boulez; Cage; Crumb; Dallapiccola; Davies; Feldman; KA Hartmann; Kagel; Krenek; Ligeti; NONO; Penderecki; Perle; [H POUSSEUR]; Powell; Rochberg; Schuller; Stockhausen; -Stravinsky; Takemitsu; [C Wolff]; Wolpe; [BA Zimmermann]; jazz

Weckmann, Matthias (c1619-1674) German; North & Central Germany-based
Style/Period:  Middle German Baroque
Best Known For:  solo organ---sacred vocal music
Musical Influences:  Scheidemann; SCHÜTZ

Weelkes, Thomas (c1575-1623) British
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Best Known For:  sacred & secular madrigals---anthems
Musical Influences:  Byrd; Dowland; Marenzio; Monteverdi; Morley

Weill, Kurt (1900-50) German-American; U.S.-based from 1935
Style/Period:  German Neoclassical/German Vernacularist to c1935; American Vernacularist thereafter
Genre Profile:  221---0200---0101---100---13---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  stage works (operas, operettas, musicals)---songs---choral music---music on socio-political subjects
Notable Works:  . . . Recordare: Lamentations of Jeremiah [2 choruses] Op.11 (1923) . . . Conc. for Violin & Wind Orch. Op.12 (1924) . . . Rise & Fall of the City of Mahagonny [opera] (1927-9) . . . The Threepenny Opera [operetta/ play with music'] (1928; orch. suite [winds] 1928-9), incl. 'Mack the Knife' [song] . . . The Seven Deadly Sins [ballet/'spectacle' for solo v, chorus & orch.] (1933) . . . September Song (from the musical Knickerbocker Holiday) (1938)
Musical Influences:  Busoni; Gershwin; Humperdinck; Mahler; ---Mozart; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; JAZZ
Has Influenced:  BLITZSTEIN; Wolpe; -Zemlinsky

Weiss, Silvius Leopold (1686-1750) German; mainly Dresden-based from 1717
Style/Period:  Late German Baroque
Best Known For:  some 600 solo lute pcs, mostly in the form of dance suites
Notable Work:  Passacaglia in D [lute] (d?)
Musical Influences:  French & Italian music

Wert, Giaches de (1535-96) Flemish-Italian; Italy-based from c1544
Style/Period:  Late Italian Renaissance
Best Known For:  madrigals---motets
Musical Influences:  Rore
Has Influenced:  Luzzaschi; Marenzio; MONTEVERDI

Widor, Charles-Marie (1844-1937) French; Paris-based from 1870
Style/Period:  Late French Romantic (French organ school)
Genre Profile:  201---2110---1112---230---12---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  solo organ, espec. organ syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #6 in G minor [org] Op.42 no.2 (1880?) . . . Toccata (from Sym. #5 in F minor, Op.42 no.1) [org] (1880?)
Musical Influences:  --JS BACH; Liszt; Mendelssohn; Rossini; Gregorian chant
Has Influenced:  DUPRÉ; TOURNEMIRE; Varèse; VIERNE

Wieck, Clara [see under 'Schumann, Clara Wieck']

Wieniawski, Henryk (1835-80) Polish
Style/Period:  Middle Romantic
Genre Profile:  000---0200---0002---002---00---010
Quantity of Work Produced:  small
Best Known For:  violin (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . Scherzo-tarantelle in G minor [vln & pf] Op.16 (1856) . . . Légende in G minor [vln & orch.] Op.17 (c1860) . . . Violin Conc. #2 in D minor Op.22 (1862) . . . Fantaisie Brillante on Themes from Gounod's Faust [vln & orch.] Op.20 (p1868)
Musical Influences:  Chopin; Paganini; Polish folk dance music
Has Influenced:  Kreisler

Willaert, Adrian (c1490-1562) Flemish-Italian; Venice-based from 1527
Style/Period:  Middle Italian Renaissance
Best Known For:  madrigals & chansons---sacred motets---masses---psalms
Musical Influences:  Josquin; [J Mouton]
Has Influenced:  A Gabrieli; G Gabrieli; Lasso; RORE

Wolf, Hugo (1860-1903) Austrian; mainly Vienna-based from 1875
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) German Romantic
Genre Profile:  012---0000---0200---200---02---130
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  lieder
Notable Works:  . . . Italian Serenade in G [str qtt] (1887; arr. for small orch. 1892) . . . Gedichte von Eduard Mörike [songs for solo v & pf] (1888) . . . Gedichte von J. W. von Goethe [songs for solo v & pf] (1888-9) . . . Spanisches Liederbuch, nach Heyse & Geibel [songs for solo v & pf] (1889-90) . . . Italienisches Liederbuch, nach Paul Heyse (2 pts.) [songs for solo v & pf] (1890-1/1896)
Musical Influences:  Liszt; Loewe; --Schubert; -R SCHUMANN; WAGNER
Has Influenced:  Reger; Schoenberg; Schreker

Wolf-Ferrari, Ermanno (1876-1948) Italian
Style/Period:  Late Italian Romantic (Neoclassical)
Best Known For:  operas---woodwinds (w/orch.)---songs
Musical Influences:  Brahms; Leoncavallo; Mascagni; --Mozart; R Strauss; Wagner
Has Influenced:  Menotti

Wolpe, Stefan (1902-72) German-American; U.S.-based from 1938
Style/Period:  Serial (Expressionist)
Best Known For:  solo piano---chamber music
Musical Influences:  Busoni; Webern; Weill; jazz
Has Influenced:  Feldman; Wuorinen

Wuorinen, Charles (1938-) American
Style/Period:  Post-Webernian Serial (Neoclassical after c1980)
Best Known For:  chamber music---concs.---orchestral pcs---magnetic tape-based pcs
Musical Influences:  Babbitt; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; Varèse; Wolpe

Xenakis, Iannis (1922-2001) Greek-French; mainly Paris-based from 1947
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde (texture music)
Genre Profile:  022---2110---2222---212---10---?2x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  aleatory & mathematics-based music---orchestral pcs---chamber music---works for solo player---magnetic tape-based pcs
Notable Works:  . . . Metastaseis [orch.] (1953-4) . . . Pithoprakta [orch.] (1955-6) . . . Pleïades [perc sextet] (1978)
Musical Influences:  MESSIAEN; Milhaud; Varèse; ancient music; CHANCE & PROBABILISTIC EVENTS
Has Influenced:  Penderecki; Takemitsu

Zelenka, Jan [Johann] Dismas (1679-1745) Bohemian; mainly Dresden-based from 1710
Style/Period:  Late German Baroque
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music---chamber music---orchestral pcs
Notable Works:  . . . 6 Trio Sonatas [2 oboes, bassoon & basso-continuo] (1715-6) . . . Lamentationes Jeremiae Prophetae [3 solo vv & chorus] (1722)
Musical Influences:  --Frescobaldi; Fux; ---Morales; Vivaldi; folk music
Has Influenced:  JS Bach

Zemlinsky, Alexander (von) (1871-1942) Austrian; mainly Vienna & Prague-based
Style/Period:  Late German Romantic
Genre Profile:  212---0000---2221---100---12---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  operas---songs---chamber music---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . Trio in D minor [cl (or va), vc & pf] Op.3 (1896) . . . Die Seejungfrau [sym. poem after the H.C. Andersen story] (c1903) . . . Lyric Symphony [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.18 (1923)
Musical Influences:  Brahms; MAHLER; +Schoenberg; R Strauss; Wagner; +Weill
Has Influenced:  Korngold; Schoenberg

Zwilich, Ellen Taaffe (1939-) American
Style/Period:  Serial to c1980; Neoromantic thereafter
Best Known For:  concs.---orchestral pcs---chamber music
Musical Influences:  Carter; Sessions

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