Gabrieli, Andrea (c1533-86) Italian; Venice-based
Style/Period:  Late Italian Renaissance (Venetian school)
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music---madrigals---instrumental ensemble canzonas
Notable Work:   . . . Concerti [various combs. of 6-16 vv & instrs.] (p1587)
Musical Influences:  LASSO; Rore; Willaert
Has Influenced:  Frescobaldi; G GABRIELI; HASSLER; +++M Haydn; Marenzio; ++Pachelbel; Sweelinck

Gabrieli, Giovanni (c1555-1612) Italian; Venice-based
Style/Period:  Late Italian Renaissance (Venetian school)
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  instrumental ensemble canzonas & sonatas---sacred motets---solo organ---brass (chamber combs.)
Notable Works:  . . . Symphoniae sacrae [2 collections of sacred works for various combs. of 6-20 instrs.] (p1597 & 1615) . . . In ecclesiis [sacred motet for 14 vv] (p1615) . . . Timor et tremor [sacred motet for 6 vv] (p1615)
Musical Influences:  A GABRIELI; LASSO; +Monteverdi; Willaert
Has Influenced:  Cavalli; [A Grandi]; Hassler; +++M Haydn; -Luzzaschi; Monteverdi; Praetorius; Schein; SCHÜTZ; Sweelinck

Gade, Niels (1817-90) Danish; mainly Copenhagen-based
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic
Best Known For:  syms.---chamber music---solo piano
Musical Influences:  'Leipzig school' (espec. MENDELSSOHN & R Schumann)
Has Influenced:  Grieg; Nielsen

Geminiani, Francesco (1687-1762) Italian; London & Dublin-based from 1714
Style/Period:  Late Italian Baroque
Best Known For:  violin (sonatas, concerti grossi)
Notable Works:  . . . concerti grossi (4 sets) Opp. 2/3/5/7 (p1726-46)
Musical Influences:  CORELLI; A Scarlatti
Has Influenced:  Arne

Gerhard, Roberto (1896-1970) Spanish (Catalan)-British; Cambridge-based from 1939
Style/Period:  Spanish Nationalist (Serial/Neoclassical) to c1950; Serial (Expressionist) thereafter
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---ballets---orchestral pcs---rhythmicity & bright timbre
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Granados; SCHOENBERG; folk music

Gershwin, George (1898-1937) American; New York-based
Style/Period:  American Vernacularist
Genre Profile:  032---3000---0202---200---02---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, w/orch.)---stage works---songs---orchestral pcs
Notable Works:  . . . Rhapsody in Blue [pf & orch.] (1924) . . . Piano Conc. in F (1925) . . . 3 Preludes [pf] (1926) . . . An American in Paris [sym. poem] (1928) . . . Cuban Over. [rhumba for orch.] (1932) . . . Porgy and Bess [folk opera] (1935)
Musical Influences:  Jewish folk music; Latin dance rhythms; JAZZ; BLUES; RAGTIME
Has Influenced:  Bernstein; Copland; Gould; -Grofé; Khachaturian; Krenek; -Loeffler; -Ravel; Walton; Weill

Gesualdo, Carlo (c1561-1613) Italian; Naples, Ferrara & Gesualdo-based
Style/Period:  Late Italian Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  madrigals---sacred motets
Notable Works:  . . . secular madrigals [5-6 vv] (p1594-1626) . . . Ave, dulcissima Maria [sacred motet for 5 vv] (p1603) . . . sacred madrigals [5-6 vv] (p1603-20)
Musical Influences:  LUZZASCHI; Marenzio; Rore
Has Influenced:  +++Dallapiccola; Frescobaldi; +++Stravinsky

Gibbons, Orlando (1583-1625) British; London-based from c1603
Style/Period:  Late English Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  anthems---solo keyboard (virginal)---madrigals---consort music, espec. viol fantasias
Notable Works:  . . . anthems [4-8 vv] (c1600-25) . . . The Lord of Salisbury, his Pavan & Galliard in A minor [keyb] (p1613)
Musical Influences:  BYRD; Morley
Has Influenced:  ++Purcell

Ginastera, Alberto (1916-83) Argentinian; Buenos Aires-based to 1968, mainly Geneva-based thereafter
Style/Period:  Argentinian Nationalist to c1960; Serial (Expressionist) thereafter
Genre Profile:  122---2222---1202---212---22---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, concs.)---operas---chamber music---concs.
Notable Works:  . . . String Quartet #1 Op.20 (1948) . . . Piano Sonata #1 Op.22 no.2 (1952) . . . Harp Conc. Op.25 (1956) . . . Cantata para América Mágica [solo v & 53 perc instrs.] Op.27 (1960) . . . Piano Conc. #1 Op.28 (1961) . . . Bomarzo [chamber opera] Op.34 (1967) . . . Guitar Sonata Op.47 (1976)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Berg; Falla; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; Argentinian folk music
Has Influenced:  Piazzolla

Giordano, Umberto (1867-1948) Italian; Milan-based from 1894
Style/Period:  Late Italian Romantic (verismo)
Genre Profile:  011---0000---0100---100---13---010
Quantity of Work Produced:  small
Best Known For:  operas
Notable Works:  . . . Andrea Chénier [opera] (1896) . . . Fedora [opera] (1898)
Musical Influences:  Massenet; Mercadante; Verdi

Giuliani, Mauro (1781-1829) Italian; Vienna-based 1806-19
Style/Period:  Post-Classical
Genre Profile:  000---0020---1012---002---00---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  guitar (solo, chamber combs.--espec. w/flute, w/orch., song acc.)
Notable Works:  . . . Guitar Conc. #1 in A Op.30 (1808) . . . Grand Sonata for Flute & Guitar in A Op.85 (1817)
Musical Influences:  Beethoven; +Donizetti; +Rossini; folk music; Neapolitan school

Glass, Philip (1937-) American; New York-based from 1967
Style/Period:  Minimalist
Genre Profile:  222---0201---2211---222---12---02x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas---orchestral pcs---film scores---mixed-media works---solo piano & solo organ
Notable Works:  . . . Einstein on the Beach [opera] (1975) . . . Low Symphony (1992)
Musical Influences:  Cage; [RAVI SHANKAR]; INDIAN MUSIC
Has Influenced:  Adams; [D Bowie]; [B Eno]

Glazunov, Alexander (1865-1936) Russian; St. Petersburg-based to 1928
Style/Period:  Late (post-Brahmsian) Russian Romantic
Genre Profile:  222---2220---1202---220---20---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---ballets---concs.---chamber music---solo piano & solo organ
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #4 in E flat Op.48 (1893) . . . Sym. #6 in C minor Op.58 (1896) . . . Raymonda [ballet] Op.57 (1896-7) . . . The Seasons [ballet] Op.67 (1899) . . . Violin Conc. in A minor Op.82 (1904) . . . Saxophone Conc. in E flat Op.109 (1934)
Musical Influences:  Balakirev; Borodin; Brahms; Liszt; Rimsky-Korsakov; Tchaikovsky
Has Influenced:  Glière; Khachaturian; Miaskovsky; Shostakovich; Stravinsky

Glière, Reinhold (1875-1956) Russian
Style/Period:  Late Russian Romantic (Socialist Realist)
Genre Profile:  222---0120---2202---110---22---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  syms.---ballets---symphonic poems---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . P'esy: Prelude & Scherzo [double-bass & pf] Op.32 (1908) . . . Sym. #3 in B minor 'Il'ya Muromets' Op.42 (1909-11) . . . The Red Poppy [orch. suite from the ballet] Op.70 (1926-7, r1949) . . . Harp Conc. in E flat Op.74 (1938)
Musical Influences:  Arensky; Borodin; Glazunov; Liszt; Rimsky-Korsakov; Scriabin; Taneyev; Tchaikovsky; Wagner; folk music
Has Influenced:  Khachaturian; Miaskovsky; Prokofiev

Glinka, Mikhail (1804-57) Russian; travelled widely in Europe
Style/Period:  Early Russian Romantic (Nationalist; bel canto)
Genre Profile:  022---0000---2222---202---03---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  operas & opera overs.---chamber music---solo piano---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Trio Pathétique for Clarinet, Bassoon & Piano in D minor (1832) . . . A Life for the Tsar [opera] (1834-6) . . . Ruslan & Lyudmila [opera] (1837-42) . . . Over. to (the opera) Ruslan & Lyudmila [orch.] (1837-42) . . . Kamarinskaya [orch.] (1848)
Musical Influences:  Bellini; +Berlioz; +Chopin; Donizetti; FOLK MUSIC; French & Italian opera
Has Influenced:  Balakirev; Borodin; Dargomïzhsky; MUSSORGSKY; Rimsky-Korsakov; +Stravinsky; Tchaikovsky

Gluck, Christoph W.R. von (1714-87) German; mainly Vienna-based from 1748
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Genre Profile:  000---0000---0100---000---23---110
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas & opera overs.
Notable Works:  . . . Orfeo ed Euridice [opera] (1762), incl. 'Dance of the Blessed Spirits' [fl & orch.] . . . Alceste [opera] (1767) . . . Iphigénie en Aulide [opera] (1774) . . . Over. to (the opera) Iphigénie en Aulide [orch.] (1774) . . . Iphigénie en Tauride [opera] (1779)
Musical Influences:  Handel; Hasse; Jommelli; --Lully; Pergolesi; Rameau; SAMMARTINI; French & Italian opera
Has Influenced:  Beethoven; +Berlioz; CHERUBINI; ++Gounod; J Haydn; Mayr; Méhul; +Meyerbeer; Mozart; [JG Naumann]; Piccinni; Reicha; [A Sacchini]; Salieri; +Schubert; SPONTINI; ++Wagner

Goldmark, C[K]arl [Károly] (1830-1915) Hungarian-Austrian; mainly Vienna-based from 1844
Style/Period:  Middle German Romantic
Best Known For:  operas---symphonic poems---overs.
Notable Works:  . . . Rustic Wedding [sym. poem] Op.26 (1877) . . . Violin Conc. #1 in A minor Op.28 (p1877)
Musical Influences:  Mendelssohn; R Schumann; Spohr; WAGNER

Gombert, Nicolas (c1500-c1556) Flemish
Style/Period:  Middle Franco-Flemish Renaissance
Best Known For:  sacred motets---masses---chansons
Musical Influences:  JOSQUIN
Has Influenced:  Lasso; +Monteverdi; Morales

Górecki, Henryk (1933-) Polish; mainly Katowice-based from 1955
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde to c1970; Minimalist (Neoromantic) thereafter
Best Known For:  syms.---vocal/choral-orchestral music---orchestral pcs---music on religious subjects---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Three Pieces in Olden Style [string orch.] (1963) . . . Sym. #3 'Symphony of Lamentation Songs' [solo v & orch.] Op.36 (1976)
Musical Influences:  ---Medieval music; liturgical music; folk music

Gottschalk, Louis Moreau (1829-69) American; travelled widely in Europe and North & Latin America
Style/Period:  Middle French Romantic (Paris virtuoso school)/American Nationalist
Genre Profile:  201---2000---0002---300---01---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  piano (solo, 4 hands)
Notable Works:  . . . The Banjo [pf] Op.15 (d?) . . . Souvenir de Porto Rico [pf] Op.31 (1857) . . . Sym. #1 'La Nuit des Tropiques' (1858-9)
Musical Influences:  Chopin; NORTH & LATIN AMERICAN FOLK MUSIC; NORTH & LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR MUSIC
Has Influenced:  Joplin; MacDowell

Gould, Morton (1913-96) American
Style/Period:  American Vernacularist
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---brass (orchestral)---concert band music
Notable Works:  . . . American Salute (When Johnny Comes Marching Home) [orch.] (1943) . . . Fall River Legend [ballet] (1947; orch. suite 1949)
Musical Influences:  Gershwin; ragtime; jazz; Americana

Gounod, Charles (1818-93) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Middle French Romantic
Genre Profile:  212---1000---0112---220---23---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas---masses & other church music---songs---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Messe Solennelle de Sainte Cecile [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1855) . . . Ave Maria [religious song for solo v & pf, & other arrs.] (1859) . . . Faust [opera] (1859) . . . Ballet Music from (the opera) Faust [orch.] (1859) . . . Roméo et Juliette [opera] (1867)
Musical Influences:  --JS Bach; --Gluck; Mendelssohn; ---PALESTRINA
Has Influenced:  BIZET; G Charpentier; Debussy; Duparc; Fauré; -Flotow; MASSENET; Tchaikovsky; THOMAS

Grainger, Percy (1882-1961) Australian-American
Style/Period:  English Nationalist w/Experimentalist tendencies
Genre Profile:  002---2202---2122---211---00---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  folksong settings (various forces)---piano (solo, 2 players)---choral & choral-orchestral music---unusual instrumental settings
Notable Works:  . . . folksong settings [solo v & acc.] (1898-1954) . . . folksong settings [choral & choral-orchestral] (1901-1949) . . . Country Gardens [pf, orch., & pf 4 hands arrs.] (1908-18) . . . Lincolnshire Posy [6 folksong settings for large wind band] (1937-8, 1940)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Busoni; Delius; Grieg; --R Schumann; FOLKSONG

Granados, Enrique (1867-1916) Spanish; mainly Barcelona-based
Style/Period:  Spanish Nationalist (Romantic)
Genre Profile:  021---0000---1112---300---02---020
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  solo piano---songs
Notable Works:  . . . 12 Danzas Españolas [pf] Op.37 (1892-1900) . . . Goyescas (2 books) [pf suite] (1911) . . . Intermezzo from (the opera) Goyescas [orch.] (1916)
Musical Influences:  Albéniz; -Chopin; Grieg; Liszt; [F Pedrell]; -R Schumann; Spanish folk music
Has Influenced:  Gerhard

Grétry, André-Ernest-Modeste (1741-1813) Belgian-French; Paris-based from 1767
Style/Period:  Classical
Best Known For:  comic operas
Musical Influences:  Italian comic arias; French popular song; French folk song
Has Influenced:  Méhul

Grieg, Edvard (1843-1907) Norwegian
Style/Period:  Norwegian Nationalist (Romantic)
Genre Profile:  232---3000---0212---300---01---130
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known Work:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (1861-1905) . . . Lyric Pieces (10 books) [pf] (1867-1901) . . . Piano Conc. in A minor Op. 16 (1868, r1906-7) . . . Incidental Music to (the Ibsen play) Peer Gynt [solo vv, chorus & orch.] Op.23 (1874-5) . . . Peer Gynt Suite #1 [orch.] Op.46 (1874-5, r1888) . . . Peer Gynt Suite #2 [orch.] Op.55 (1874-5, r1891 & 1892) . . . String Quartet in G minor Op.27 (1877-8) . . . 4 Norwegian Dances [pf 4 hands] Op.35 (1881; orch. arr. 1887) . . . Two Elegaic Melodies [string orch.] Op.34 (1881) . . . Holberg Suite [string orch. arr.] Op.40 (1885) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano #3 in C minor Op.45 (1886-7) . . . Haugtussa [song cycle for solo v & pf] Op.67 (1895)
Musical Influences:  Chopin; Gade; JPE Hartmann; Mendelssohn; R Schumann; NORWEGIAN FOLKSONG
Has Influenced:  Coleridge-Taylor; Delius; Grainger; Granados; Hanson; Karg-Elert; MacDowell; Nielsen; Rachmaninov; Sibelius; -Svendsen

Griffes, Charles Tomlinson (1884-1920) American
Style/Period:  Impressionist
Genre Profile:  012---0020---1101---210---10---120
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---solo piano---songs & song cycles
Notable Works:  . . . songs & song cycles [solo v & pf] (1901-17) . . . Piano Sonata in F sharp minor (c1912). . . The White Peacock (from 'Roman Sketches,' Op.7) [pf] (1915; orch. arr. c1919) . . . The Pleasure-Dome of Kubla Khan [orch. arr.] Op.8 (1917) . . . Poem [fl & orch.] (1918)
Musical Influences:  DEBUSSY; -Mussorgsky; Ravel; Scriabin; R Strauss; EAST ASIAN MUSIC; Native American music

Grofé, Ferde (1892-1972) American
Style/Period:  American Light Classical
Best Known For:  light orchestral pcs
Notable Work:  . . . Grand Canyon Suite [orch.] (1931)
Musical Influences:  +Gershwin; jazz; popular song; Americana

Guerrero, Francisco (1528-99) Spanish; Seville-based
Style/Period:  Late Spanish Renaissance
Best Known For:  sacred vocal music (motets, masses)---secular songs
Musical Influences:  MORALES

Hába, Alois (1893-1973) Moravian; mainly Prague-based from 1914
Style/Period:  Czech Nationalist (Experimentalist)
Best Known For:  microtonal music---chamber music, espec. string quartets & nonets
Notable Work:  . . . Matka 'The Mother' [quarter-tone opera] Op.35 (1927-9)
Musical Influences:  Busoni; Janácek; Novák; SCHOENBERG; Schreker; folk music

Halévy, (Jacques-François-)Fromental (1799-1862) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Early French Romantic
Best Known For:  operas
Notable Work:  . . . La Juive [opera] (1835)
Musical Influences:  Boieldieu; Cherubini; Meyerbeer; French opera
Has Influenced:  Suppé; Wagner

Handel, George Frideric (1685-1759) German-British; London-based from 1710
Style/Period:  Late English Baroque (w/eclectic English, German & Italian elements)
Genre Profile:  023---3223---2331---030---03---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  oratorios---orchestral pcs---concs. & concerti grossi---operas---cantatas---organ (concs.)---trio sonatas---solo harpsichord
Notable Works:  . . . 3 concs. for oboe, strings & basso-continuo in B flat/B flat/G minor (c1700) . . . 6 Concerti Grossi [wind & strings; 4-13 instrs.] Op.3 (c1715-22) . . . Water Music [3 orchestral suites] (1717) . . . Acis & Galatea [masque by Gay set to music for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1718) . . . 6 Trio Sonatas [2 vlns (or vln & woodwind) & continuo] Op.2 (c1718) . . . 8 Suites [keyb] (p1720), incl. 'The Harmonious Blacksmith' . . . Julius Caesar [opera] (1724) . . . 4 Coronation Anthems [sacred text for chorus & small orch.] (1727) . . . Conc. for Organ (or Harp) & 2 Recorders, 2 Violins & Basso-Continuo in B flat Op.4 no.6 (1736) . . . Concerto Grosso in C (performed in the oratorio Alexander's Feast) [orch.] (1736) . . . 6 Trio Sonatas [2 vlns & continuo] Op.5 (c1737-8) . . . Xerxes [opera] (1738) . . . 12 Concerti Grossi [2 vlns, vc & strings] Op.6 (1739) . . . Israel in Egypt [sacred oratorio for 6 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1739) . . . Ode for St. Cecilia's Day [secular cantata for 2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1739) . . . Organ Conc. #13 in F 'The Cuckoo & the Nightingale' [org & string orch.] (1739) . . . 6 Concerti for Organ, Woodwinds, Strings & Continuo Op.7 (1740-51) . . . Messiah [sacred oratorio for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1742) . . . Conc. for 2 Wind Bands & Strings #2 in F (c1746-7) . . . Music for the Royal Fireworks in D [orchestral suite] (1749) . . . Solomon [sacred oratorio for solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1749), incl. 'Sinfonia (Arrival of the Queen of Sheba)' [orch.] . . . Sonata #4 for Flute (or Recorder) & Continuo in A minor Op.1 no.4 (d?)
Musical Influences:  -Carissimi; CORELLI; [R Keiser]; [G Legrenzi]; Lully; Purcell; A SCARLATTI; [A Steffani]; Italian opera; dance
Has Influenced:  ++Alkan; Arne; +Beethoven; Billings; Boyce; ++Brahms; ++Elgar; Gluck; J Haydn; +++Hovhaness; ++Mendelssohn; Mozart

Hanson, Howard (1896-1981) American; Rochester NY-based from 1924
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Genre Profile:  222---2002---1101---200---11---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  syms.---choral & choral-orchestral music
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #1 in E minor 'Nordic' Op.21 (1922) . . . Sym. #2 'Romantic' Op.30 (1930)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Grieg; MacDowell; ---Palestrina; Respighi; SIBELIUS; Vaughan Williams; Gregorian chant

Harbison, John (1938-) American; Boston area-based from 1969
Style/Period:  Neoclassical (Neoromantic)
Best Known For:  chamber music---operas---vocal/choral-orchestral music
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; SESSIONS; jazz

Harris, Roy (1898-1979) American
Style/Period:  American Nationalist
Genre Profile:  212---2211---2212---210---10---12x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  syms.---choral & choral-orchestral music
Notable Works:  . . . When Johnny Comes Marching Home--an American Over. (1934) . . . Sym. #3 in One Movement (1937)
Musical Influences:  Sibelius; folksong; Protestant hymns; Renaissance, Baroque & Medieval music; Americana; plainchant
Has Influenced:  Persichetti; SCHUMAN

Harrison, Lou (1917-2003) American
Style/Period:  Experimentalist/Exoticist (Mystical)
Genre Profile:  222---2222---2222---212---21---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  gamelan music-influenced works---chamber music---percussion (chamber combs.)---concs.---violin (chamber combs., w/orch.)
Notable Works:  . . . 3 Pieces for Gamelan with Soloists [solo horn/vln/suling & gamelan orch.] (1978-9) . . . Ariadne [fl & perc instrs.] (1987)
Musical Influences:  Cage; Cowell; Ives; Partch; Ruggles; Schoenberg; SOUTHEAST ASIAN MUSIC; Medieval & Renaissance music; Chinese & Korean music
Has Influenced:  -Cage

Hartmann, Johan Peder Emilius [J. P. E.] (1805-1900) Danish; Copenhagen-based
Style/Period:  Romantic (Danish Nationalist)
Best Known For:  operas---incidental music
Musical Influences:  +Chopin; Spohr; Danish folk music; Viennese Classical tradition
Has Influenced:  Grieg; Nielsen

Hartmann, Karl Amadeus (1905-63) German; Munich-based
Style/Period:  Expressionist
Best Known Work:  . . . 8 syms. (1936-62) . . . Concerto Funèbre [vln & string orch.] (1939)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Berg; -Bruckner; Mahler; Reger; Stravinsky; Webern

Hasse, Johann Adolf (1699-1783) German; mainly Dresden & Venice-based
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical (Neopolitan school)
Best Known For:  opera seria & most other contemporary genres of sacred & secular vocal music---chamber music
Musical Influences:  JS Bach; A SCARLATTI; Vivaldi; Italian opera
Has Influenced:  CPE Bach; JC Bach; Gluck; J Haydn; Jommelli; Mozart; [JG Naumann]

Hassler, Hans Leo (1564-1612) German
Style/Period:  Late German Renaissance
Best Known For:  sacred & secular vocal music (masses, madrigals, etc.)---solo organ
Musical Influences:  A GABRIELI; G Gabrieli; Lasso

Haydn, (Franz) Joseph (1732-1809) Austrian; in part Vienna-based
Style/Period:  Classical (Viennese Classical)
Genre Profile:  322---2332---2332---330---02---330
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  syms.---string quartets---concs.---oratorios---masses---keyboard (piano) sonatas & trios---songs
Notable Works:  . . . Cello Conc. #1 in C (c1761-5) . . . Horn Conc. #3 (old #1) in D (1762) . . . Sym. #22 in E flat 'Philosopher' (1764) . . . Conc. for Violin & String Orch. #1 in C (before 1770) . . . Keyboard Sonata #33 (HXVI:#20) in C minor [pf or hpschd] (1771) . . . String Quartet in D Op.20 no.4 (1772) . . . Sym. #44 in E minor 'Trauer' (before 1773) . . . Sym. #45 in F sharp minor 'Farewell' (1772) . . . Cello Conc. #2 in D Op.101 (1783) . . . Conc. for Keyboard & Strings #11 in D Op.21 (1784 or before) . . . String Quartet in D minor Op.42 (1785) . . . Sym. #88 in G (1787?) . . . Sym. #92 in G 'Oxford' (1789) . . . Keyboard Trio #15 (HXV:#15) in G [hpschd/pf, fl & vc] (1790) . . . Keyboard Trio #16 (HXV:#16) in D [hpschd/pf, fl & vc] (1790) . . . String Quartet in D minor 'Lark' Op.64 no.5 (1790) . . . Sym. #94 in G 'Surprise' (1791) . . . Sym. #96 in D 'Miracle' (1791) . . . Sinfonia Concertante in B flat [vln, vc, oboe, bassoon & orch.] (1792) . . . Sym. #100 in G 'Military' (1793-4) . . . Sym. #101 in D 'Clock' (1793-4) . . . Keyboard Sonata #62 (HXVI:#52) in E flat [pf] (1794) . . . Sym. #102 in B flat (1794) . . . Sym. #103 in E flat 'Drumroll' (1795) . . . Sym. #104 in D 'London' (1795) . . . Missa in tempore belli in C [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1796) . . . Trumpet Conc. in E flat (1796) . . . Gott, erhalte den Kaiser! in G [song for solo v & keyb] (1796-7) . . . The Creation [sacred/secular oratorio for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1796-8) . . . String Quartet in D minor 'Fifths' Op.76 no.2 (1797?) . . . String Quartet in C 'Emperor' Op.76 no.3 (1797?) . . . String Quartet in B flat 'Sunrise' Op.76 no.4 (1797?) . . . Missa in angustiis in D minor 'Nelsonmesse' [4 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1798) . . . The Seasons [secular oratorio for 3 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1799-1801)
Musical Influences:  CPE BACH; Fux; Gluck; HANDEL; Hasse; +Mozart; Sammartini
Has Influenced:  Beethoven; BOCCHERINI; +Bruckner; Cherubini; Cimarosa; Clementi; Dittersdorf; ++Dvorák; ++Elgar; Hummel; ++Martinu; Méhul; +Mendelssohn; Mozart; ++Persichetti; [I Pleyel]; Reicha; Rossini; Schubert; Sor; Viotti

Haydn, (Johann) Michael (1737-1806) Austrian; Salzburg-based from 1763
Style/Period:  Classical (Viennese Classical)
Genre Profile:  222---1222---2222---000---11---320
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  masses---concs.---syms.
Notable Works:  . . . masses [for 4 solo vv, chorus & orch. and other combinations] (1754-1806) . . . Conc. for Trumpet & Strings in C (c1760-2) . . . Conc. for Trumpet & Strings in D (c1768-70)
Musical Influences:  FUX; ---A Gabrieli; ---G Gabrieli; --Monteverdi; ---Palestrina; Austrian folk music
Has Influenced:  Mozart; Weber

Heinichen, Johann David (1683-1729) German
Style/Period:  Late German Baroque
Best Known For:  concs. for multiple instrs.---operas
Musical Influences:  Vivaldi; Italian opera & cantatas; French & German music

Hensel, Fanny Mendelssohn [see under 'Mendelssohn-Hensel']

Henze, Hans Werner (1926-) German-Italian; mostly Italy-based since 1953
Style/Period:  Expressionist (Neoclassical to c1968)
Genre Profile:  222---2212---2222---212---22---12x
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas---syms.---orchestral pcs---music on socialist subjects
Notable Works:  . . . Sym. #5 (1962) . . . The Young Lord [opera] (1964) . . . El Cimarrón [secular songs for solo v & narr., guitar, fl & perc (4 performers)] (1969-70) . . . Violin Conc. #2 [voice, vln, 33 instrs. & magnetic tape] (1971)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; Berg; [W FORTNER]; Hindemith; ---Mozart; Schoenberg; Stravinsky; --Wagner; Italian opera; jazz; music theatre
Has Influenced:  Brouwer

Herbert, Victor (1859-1924) Irish-American; U.S.-based from 1886
Style/Period:  American Light Classical
Best Known For:  operettas---cello (w/orch.)
Notable Work:  . . . Babes in Toyland [operetta] (1903)
Musical Influences:  +R Strauss; Wagner; Viennese operetta

Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) German
Style/Period:  Medieval
Best Known For:  monophonic chants
Notable Works:  . . . Ordo virtutum [morality play] (d?) . . . Symphonia armonie celestium revelationum [collection of 77 liturgical poems set to music] (c1150s)
Musical Influences:  plainchant
Has Influenced:  'New Age' music

Hindemith, Paul (1895-1963) German; U.S. & Switzerland-based from 1940
Style/Period:  German Neoclassical
Genre Profile:  222---2222---2222---223---22---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  orchestral/chamber orchestral pcs---syms.---sonatas---viola (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---operas
Notable Works:  . . . Kleine Kammermusik [wind quintet] Op.24 no.2 (1922) . . . Sonata for Unaccompanied Cello Op.25 no.3 (1922) . . . Das Marienleben [song cycle for solo v & pf] Op.27 (1922-3) . . . Konzertmusik for Brass & Strings Op.50 (1930) . . . Mathis der Maler [opera] (1934-5; symphonic suite 1934) . . . 3 Sonatas for Piano (1936) . . . Sonata for Oboe & Piano (1938) . . . Sonata for Trumpet & Piano (1939) . . . Violin Conc. (1939) . . . The Four Temperaments (Theme & Variations) [pf & string orch.] (1940) . . . Sonata for Alto Horn & Piano in E flat (1943) . . . Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes of Carl Maria von Weber [sym.] (1943) . . . Die Harmonie der Welt [sym.] (1951) . . . Die Harmonie der Welt [opera version of the sym.] (1956-7)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; Brahms; Debussy; REGER; R Strauss; Stravinsky; jazz; Renaissance polyphony; Baroque music
Has Influenced:  Carter; DELLO JOIO; Fine; [W Fortner]; Foss; Henze; Holmboe; Kokkonen; Persichetti; Petrassi; -Piston; Powell; Rochberg; Shostakovich; Tippett; Walton

Holliger, Heinz (1939-) Swiss
Style/Period:  European Avant-garde
Best Known For:  oboe (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.]---magnetic tape-based pcs
Musical Influences:  Boulez; Kagel; Stockhausen; Serialism

Holmboe, Vagn (1909-96) Danish; mainly Copenhagen-based
Style/Period:  Neoclassical
Best Known For:  syms.---chamber music, espec. string quartets---concs.
Musical Influences:  BARTÓK; Hindemith; NIELSEN; Sibelius; Stravinsky; folk music

Holst, Gustav (1874-1934) British; taught at the St. Paul's Girl School, Hammersmith, from 1905
Style/Period:  English Nationalist (w/Exoticist tendencies)
Genre Profile:  123---0202---2011---110---22---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  orchestral & wind band suites---choral & choral-orchestral music---instrumental folk music settings---operas
Notable Works:  . . . Savitri [chamber opera] Op.25 (1908) . . . St. Paul's Suite [string orch.] Op.29 no.2 (1912-3) . . . The Planets [orch. suite w/chorus] Op.32 (1914-6) . . . The Hymn of Jesus [sacred text for choruses & orch.] Op.37 (1917) . . . Ballet Music from (the opera) The Perfect Fool [orch.] Op.39 (1918-22)
Musical Influences:  ---Purcell; Stanford; R Strauss; +Stravinsky; Sullivan; Vaughan Williams; Wagner; English folksong; music of India; Elizabethan music
Has Influenced:  Britten; -Vaughan Williams

Honegger, Arthur (1892-1955) Swiss-French
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (French Neoclassical)
Genre Profile:  222---2222---1212---212---22---12x
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---dramatic works (oratorios, film scores, ballets, incidental music) & derivative orchestral suites---orchestral pcs---sonatas
Notable Works:  . . . Le Roi David [dramatic psalm for solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1921) . . . Sonatina for Clarinet & Piano (1921-2) . . . Pacific 231: Mouvement Symphonique #1 [sym. poem] (1923) . . . Jeanne d'Arc au Bûcher [stage oratorio for 2 narrs., solo vv, choruses & orch.] (1934-5) . . . Sym. #2 [string orch.] (1941) . . . Sym. #3 'Liturgique' (1945-6)
Musical Influences:  ---JS BACH; --Beethoven; Debussy; Milhaud; Reger; Schoenberg; R Strauss; ---Baroque & Classical music
Has Influenced:  HUSA

Hovhaness, Alan (1911-2000) American
Style/Period:  Neoromantic (Exoticist; Mystical)
Genre Profile:  202---2222---2222---222---12---22x
Quantity of Work Produced:  immense
Best Known For:  syms.---works for featured instr(s). w/orch.---solo piano---orchestral pcs---works for exotic instrs.---sacred choral-orchestral music---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Prayer of St. Gregory [trumpet & string orch.] Op.62b (1946) . . . Sym. #2 'Mysterious Mountain' Op.132 (1955) . . . Magnificat [4 solo vv, chorus & chamber orch.] Op.157 (1958) . . . And God Created Great Whales [taped whale sounds & orch.] Op.229 (1970) . . . Sym. #50 'Mt. St. Helens' Op.360 (1983)
Musical Influences:  ---Handel; SOUTH & EAST ASIAN MUSIC; ---Baroque & Renaissance music; ARMENIAN FOLK & RELIGIOUS MUSIC

Howells, Herbert (1892-1983) British
Style/Period:  Neoromantic
Genre Profile:  002---2202---1202---120---00---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  choral music (anthems, masses, motets, hymns, songs)---solo organ & solo piano
Notable Work:  . . . Hymnus Paradisi [2 solo vv, chorus & orch.] (1938)
Musical Influences:  Elgar; Parry; Stanford; VAUGHAN WILLIAMS; ---plainsong; folksong; ---Tudor music

Hummel, Johann Nepomuk (1778-1837) Austrian
Style/Period:  Post-Classical (Viennese Classical)
Genre Profile:  022---2221---2222---210---12---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---concs.---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Trumpet Conc. in E flat (1803) . . . Bassoon Conc. in F (c1805) . . . Piano Conc. in A minor Op.85 (c1816) . . . Piano Conc. in B minor Op.89 (1819)
Musical Influences:  CPE Bach; Clementi; J Haydn; MOZART; Salieri
Has Influenced:  Berwald; Chopin; Czerny; Mendelssohn; R Schumann

Humperdinck, Engelbert (1854-1921) German
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) German Romantic
Genre Profile:  022---0000---1201---100---02---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  children's operas---incidental music
Notable Works:  . . . Hansel und Gretel [opera] (1893) . . . Incidental Music to (the Rosmer melodrama) Die Königskinder [orch.] (1897; recast as opera in 1910)
Musical Influences:  WAGNER; German folksong
Has Influenced:  Weill

Husa, Karel (1921-) Bohemian-American; U.S.-based from 1954
Style/Period:  Expressionist (Neoromantic)
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---chamber music---winds (chamber combs., orchestral)
Notable Works:  . . . Music for Prague [wind orch. & orch. arrs.] (1968) . . . Apotheosis of this Earth [chorus & wind orch.] (1970; chorus & orch. arr. 1972)
Musical Influences:  Bartók; HONEGGER; Stravinsky; folk music

Ibert, Jacques (1890-1962) French; mainly Paris & Rome-based
Style/Period:  French Neoclassical (Impressionist)
Genre Profile:  222---0220---2222---212---22---02x
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  orchestral pcs---chamber music---flute (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---harp (chamber combs.)---stage works
Notable Works:  . . . Escales [sym. poem] (1922) . . . Divertissement (from the incidental music to the Labiche play Chapeau de Paille d'Italie) [chamber orch.] (1930) . . . Trois Pièces Brèves [wind quintet] (1930) . . . Flute Conc. (1934) . . . Pìece for Unaccompanied Flute (1936) . . . Entr'acte [fl & harp, or vln & guitar] (1937)
Musical Influences:  Chabrier; Debussy; Fauré; Ravel; Stravinsky; jazz

Indy, Vincent d' (1851-1931) French; Paris-based
Style/Period:  Late (post-Wagnerian) French Romantic
Best Known For:  symphonic/orchestral pcs---chamber music
Notable Works:  . . . Symphony on a French Mountain Air in G [pf & orch.] Op.25 (1886) . . . Istar: Symphonic Variations Op.42 [orch.] (1896)
Musical Influences:  -Beethoven; Berlioz; FRANCK; Lalo; Liszt; --Rameau; WAGNER; ---medieval & Renaissance music, incl. Gregorian chant
Has Influenced:  Albéniz; ROUSSEL; Satie; Turina

Ireland, John (1879-1962) British
Style/Period:  Late English Romantic (Celtic revival)
Genre Profile:  022---2000---1122---220---00---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  piano (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---orchestral pcs---choral music---songs---solo organ
Notable Works:  . . . Greater Love Hath No Man [motet for 2 solo vv, chorus & org] (1912) . . . Piano Conc. in E flat (1930) . . . Legend [pf & orch.] (1933)
Musical Influences:  Brahms; Debussy; Ravel; Stanford; +Stravinsky; Celtic music
Has Influenced:  Britten; MOERAN

Isaac, Heinrich (c1450-1517) Flemish; mainly Florence & Germany-based from c1484
Style/Period:  Middle Franco-Flemish Renaissance
Best Known For:  masses & sacred motets
Musical Influences:  plainsong; Italian, German & Netherlandish music
Has Influenced:  SENFL; +++Webern; 16th cent. German music

Ives, Charles (1874-1954) American; mainly Connecticut & New York-based
Style/Period:  American Nationalist (w/eclectic post-Brahmsian Romantic, Impressionist & Experimentalist tendencies)
Genre Profile:  202---0001---2222---220---00---230
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  syms.---orchestral pcs---songs---solo piano
Notable Works:  . . . songs [solo v & pf] (c1887-1926) . . . Variations on 'America' [org] (1891?) . . . Sym. #3 'The Camp Meeting' [small orch.] (1904) . . . Symphony 'Holidays' (1904-13) . . . The Unanswered Question [small orch.] (1906) . . . String Quartet #2 (1907-13) . . . First Orchestral Set 'Three Places in New England' [small orch.] (1908-14?) . . . Piano Sonata #1 (1909) . . . Sym. #4 (1909-16) . . . Piano Sonata #2 'Concord, Mass., 1840-1860' (1910-5)
Musical Influences:  ---JS Bach; --Beethoven; [H Parker]; AMERICAN POPULAR MUSIC; AMERICAN FOLK MUSIC
Has Influenced:  Bernstein; Cage; Carter; COWELL; Crumb; Harrison; Ruggles

Janácek, Leos (1854-1928) Moravian; Brno-based from 1880
Style/Period:  Czech Nationalist
Genre Profile:  022---0200---2202---210---13---220
Quantity of Work Produced:  extensive
Best Known For:  operas---orchestral pcs---solo piano---string quartets & other chamber music---vocal & choral music
Notable Works:  . . . Jenufa [opera] (1894-03, r1908 or before) . . . Piano Sonata 'From the Street' (1905) . . . In the Mists [4 movements for pf] (1912) . . . Sonata for Violin & Piano (1914-21) . . . Taras Bulba [orchestral rhapsody] (1915-8, 1927) . . . Kát'a Kabanová [opera] (1919-21) . . . The Cunning Little Vixen [opera] (1921-3) . . . String Quartet #1 'Kreutzer' (1923) . . . Sextet for Wind Quintet & Bass Clarinet 'Youth' (1924) . . . Capriccio for Piano Left Hand, Flute & Brass 'Defiance' [8 instrs.] (1926) . . . Sinfonietta [orch.] (1926) . . . Glagolitic Mass [sacred cantata for 4 solo vv, org, chorus & orch.] (1926, 1929) . . . String Quartet #2 'Intimate Letters' (1928)
Musical Influences:  DVORÁK; Mussorgsky; +Schoenberg; Smetana; Wagner; Impressionists; Expressionists; MORAVIAN/SLAVIC FOLK MUSIC
Has Influenced:  Hába

Janequin, Clément (c1485-1558) French
Style/Period:  Late French Renaissance
Best Known For:  polyphonic chansons---chansons spirituelles & psalm settings
Notable Work:  . . . La Bataille de Marignan (La Guerre) [chanson for 4 vv] (c1520?)

Jolivet, André (1905-74) French; mainly Paris-based
Style/Period:  Mystical (Impressionist/Exoticist)
Best Known For:  flute (solo, chamber combs., w/orch.)---concs.---chamber music
Notable Work:  . . . Chant de Linos [fl & pf] (1944; arr. for fl, string trio & harp 1945)
Musical Influences:  Debussy; +Messiaen; VARÈSE; music of the Near & Far East

Jommelli, Nicolò (1714-74) Italian
Style/Period:  Pre-Classical
Best Known For:  operas---sacred vocal music
Musical Influences:  Hasse; [GB Martini]; Mannheim school
Has Influenced:  JC Bach; Dittersdorf; Gluck; J Stamitz; Mannheim school

Joplin, Scott (1868-1917) American
Style/Period:  American Light Classical
Genre Profile:  000---0000---0000---300---12---010
Quantity of Work Produced:  modest
Best Known For:  piano rags
Notable Works:  . . . Maple Leaf Rag [pf rag] (1899) . . . The Entertainer [pf rag] (1902) . . . Solace [pf] (1909) . . . Treemonisha [ragtime opera] (1911, r1911-5)
Musical Influences:  [-S Foster]; Gottschalk; [JP Sousa]; marches, ballroom dance & other popular music
Has Influenced:  +Bolcom; jazz

Josquin Desprez [des Prés, etc.] (c1440-1521) French; France & Italy-based
Style/Period:  Middle Franco-Flemish Renaissance
Genre Profile:  [not used]
Quantity of Work Produced:  considerable
Best Known For:  masses---sacred motets---secular songs (chansons)
Notable Works:  . . . Ave Maria [sacred motet for 4 vv] (c1490) . . . Missa La sol fa re mi [4 vv] (c1490) . . . Missa de beata virgine [4-5 vv] (c1510) . . . Missa Pange lingua [4 vv] (c1510) . . . Missa L'homme armé (2 works) [4 vv] (p1502/1502) . . . Planxit autem David [sacred motet for 4 vv] (p1504)
Musical Influences:  Dufay; Ockeghem; Italian music
Has Influenced:  Cabezón; Clemens; GOMBERT; Morales; [J MOUTON]; +Palestrina; Rore; SENFL; Taverner; Willaert

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